英国皇家邮学会150年风云史
张华东 会士(Jack Huadong Zhang FRPSL)
1. 皇家邮学会前身---伦敦邮学会
早在1865年7月1日,就有报道称伦敦成立了一个名叫London Timbrological Society的协会(注:“timbro”,意大利语,邮票的意思)。在此前,彭伯顿先生在《集邮家》和《集邮者月刊》上就倡导成立一个伦敦集邮协会。1868年和1869年初, 亨明先生写信给《集邮家》支持彭伯顿的这一建议。1869年初,《集邮者月刊》也称,“似乎一个集邮协会正在慢慢地形成”。下面是在学会成立前,发表在两家邮刊上有关探讨集邮协(学)会成立的文章题目和时间。图1:由印度邮友Abhishek Bhuwalka先生提供使用。
当时,大多数喜爱集邮的人经常在每星期六下午在马克巷( Mark Lane)9号聚会,弗朗西斯·约翰·斯坦福斯牧师会招待大家。 1869年4月10日(星期六),在伦敦大拉塞尔街(或称大罗素街)93号威尔逊先生(Wilson)的住所内,举行了伦敦邮学会的创会会议。威尔逊先生是伦敦Bloomsbury这一地区的邮商。当时共发出49件参会请帖,当天到会的共计8人。 库珀(Daniel Cooper,图2)爵士当选为伦敦集邮学会首任会长, 英国皇家御用大律师菲尔布鲁克(Philbrick Q.C.)当选首任副会长,秘书为阿特利(Atlee)先生。库珀爵士任了九年的会长(1869-1878)。 现皇家邮学会还珍藏着一位创始会员约瑟夫·斯佩兰扎(Speranza)先生的6页日记,上面的日期为1869年4月10日(星期六),日记中记录了1869年4月10日出席学会成立时的全部参会人的名字及有关会议事宜(图3)。 菲尔布鲁克副会长(图4左)于1878年被选为学会第二任会长,任期到1892年。在其任会长期间,学会的大多数会议都是在其Lamb Building的办公室(图4右)召开的。 学会的宗旨是 “收集有关邮票的所有可能信息, 防止伪造, 促进和传播集邮知识; 以及促进会员之间的邮票买卖和交换”。
在初创阶段,学会的核心思想已经显现出来,即: 聚会(社交和集邮),展览,论文和出版物;这些都如同现在一样是学会的基石。首任会长库珀爵士以他的澳大利亚背景、独特的眼光、以及用他马尔雷迪前的邮政用品的藏品享受着超越其他人的乐趣。协会从1869年的第一次展示(在聚会上,宣读了几篇邮文,然后,会长展示了六枚样票)开始直到今天,从未间断过,这种连续性是学会的真实历史写照, 截止016年底,学会共举行了2,429次聚会。 根据1881年11月5日的《集邮记录》第三卷记载,邮票之父罗兰·希尔的儿子皮尔逊·希尔(Pearson Hill, 图5)当天参加了聚会,并且向伦敦邮学会(现英国皇家邮学会)就“谁是邮票发明人(罗兰·希尔还是詹姆斯·查默斯)”一事提交了有关材料。学会听他读了《关于一些新发现的邮票设计稿和印样,以及关于背胶标签原始建议的一些重要证据》的文章。皮尔逊·希尔说:“这些文件主要包括许多关于邮票的“设计稿”或建议,是多人在1839年响应财政部发出的设计邀请而提交的和当年财政部发布的,以及后来的其他“设计稿”。此后,皮尔逊又参加了多次学会的聚会,并且皮尔逊还加入了伦敦邮学会成为了会员。
当时,大多数喜爱集邮的人经常在每星期六下午在马克巷( Mark Lane)9号聚会,弗朗西斯·约翰·斯坦福斯牧师会招待大家。 1869年4月10日(星期六),在伦敦大拉塞尔街(或称大罗素街)93号威尔逊先生(Wilson)的住所内,举行了伦敦邮学会的创会会议。威尔逊先生是伦敦Bloomsbury这一地区的邮商。当时共发出49件参会请帖,当天到会的共计8人。 库珀(Daniel Cooper,图2)爵士当选为伦敦集邮学会首任会长, 英国皇家御用大律师菲尔布鲁克(Philbrick Q.C.)当选首任副会长,秘书为阿特利(Atlee)先生。库珀爵士任了九年的会长(1869-1878)。 现皇家邮学会还珍藏着一位创始会员约瑟夫·斯佩兰扎(Speranza)先生的6页日记,上面的日期为1869年4月10日(星期六),日记中记录了1869年4月10日出席学会成立时的全部参会人的名字及有关会议事宜(图3)。 菲尔布鲁克副会长(图4左)于1878年被选为学会第二任会长,任期到1892年。在其任会长期间,学会的大多数会议都是在其Lamb Building的办公室(图4右)召开的。 学会的宗旨是 “收集有关邮票的所有可能信息, 防止伪造, 促进和传播集邮知识; 以及促进会员之间的邮票买卖和交换”。
在初创阶段,学会的核心思想已经显现出来,即: 聚会(社交和集邮),展览,论文和出版物;这些都如同现在一样是学会的基石。首任会长库珀爵士以他的澳大利亚背景、独特的眼光、以及用他马尔雷迪前的邮政用品的藏品享受着超越其他人的乐趣。协会从1869年的第一次展示(在聚会上,宣读了几篇邮文,然后,会长展示了六枚样票)开始直到今天,从未间断过,这种连续性是学会的真实历史写照, 截止016年底,学会共举行了2,429次聚会。 根据1881年11月5日的《集邮记录》第三卷记载,邮票之父罗兰·希尔的儿子皮尔逊·希尔(Pearson Hill, 图5)当天参加了聚会,并且向伦敦邮学会(现英国皇家邮学会)就“谁是邮票发明人(罗兰·希尔还是詹姆斯·查默斯)”一事提交了有关材料。学会听他读了《关于一些新发现的邮票设计稿和印样,以及关于背胶标签原始建议的一些重要证据》的文章。皮尔逊·希尔说:“这些文件主要包括许多关于邮票的“设计稿”或建议,是多人在1839年响应财政部发出的设计邀请而提交的和当年财政部发布的,以及后来的其他“设计稿”。此后,皮尔逊又参加了多次学会的聚会,并且皮尔逊还加入了伦敦邮学会成为了会员。
2. 学会与英国皇室和贵族的邮缘以 及 “皇家邮学会” 的由来
1)爱丁堡公爵
伦敦邮学会一直与英国皇室有着密切的联系,因为当时皇室中的阿尔弗雷德王子(Prince Alfred,1844-1900,维多利亚女王的二儿子,后来的爱丁堡公爵,图6)就是一位非常出色的集邮家,并自1890年12月19日起,一直担任伦敦邮学会的荣誉会长(1890-1900),直到他1900年去世。 爱丁堡公爵非常喜爱集邮,并还应邀参加了庆祝“均一便士邮资制50周年“和黑便士诞生50周年的活动,此活动于1890年7月2日在伦敦的南肯辛顿博物馆(现为维多利亚和阿尔伯特博物馆,V&A)举办。爱丁堡公爵和公爵夫人出席活动,并且爱丁堡公爵还出任此次活动的主席。在他去世前,他将藏品卖给了他的哥哥(爱德华七世国王),后来他哥哥将此邮集传给了自己的二儿子,“乔治王子”,后来的“乔治五世国王”,即现英国女王伊丽莎白二世的爷爷。 2)乔治五世国王
乔治五世国王对邮票的追求也是很执着的。英国的皇家邮集正是在他的手中发展壮大的。皇家邮集(乔治五世的邮集都放在红色的邮册里)。 乔治于1893年3月10日被选为当时的伦敦邮学会的荣誉副会长。在他1893年7月6日大婚时,学会会员们赠给他了一本邮册作为他的结婚礼物,里面有1500多枚珍贵邮票,全部是100位会员们捐赠的。1893年8月的《集邮记录》报道了约克公爵的婚礼以及伦敦邮学会会员赠送给公爵的婚礼礼物(见图7a)。 1894年5月10日(周四),荣誉副会长乔治(后为乔治五世)出席学会聚会,图8为当天他的签到。1896年5月29日他出任学会的会长,任期长达14年之久,直到他1910年登基做了国王才辞去此职,但仍以国王乔治五世陛下的名义担任邮学会的监护人。 1906年,他还说服父王(爱德华七世国王)将伦敦邮学会的抬头前加上了“皇家”(Royal)字样,改名为“皇家邮学会”(The Royal Philatelic Society,London),使这个集邮家云集的学会有了皇室的影响和权威。 在1906年11月9日他致信给学会副会长克劳福德勋爵,建议使用“皇家邮学会”名称,在里面也解释了为什么要加“伦敦”字样的原因,主要是 “我想我们应该保留 ‘伦敦’以表明我们总部的所在地”(图9)。 乔治五世还是“卓越集邮家名册”(RDP)的第一位签名的集邮家(图10)。在乔治五世任监护人期间,1924年,学会被特准使用英国皇家徽标。大家可以从《伦敦集邮家》封面上见到此皇家徽标。在此温馨提醒大家,在撰写邮文时,不能使用此图片,因为会涉及版权问题。 3)克劳福德伯爵 克劳福德伯爵(The Earl of Crawford,,图11)于1900年6月8日加入伦敦邮学会,并于1902年6月当选副会长(1902-1910)和1910年任会长(1910-1913)。 他是集邮文献学会的创始人,此会于1907年成立,成员包括世界上顶级集邮藏书家。皇家邮学会于1914年设立了克劳福德奖章。当时,如果会长约克公爵(后来的乔治五世)不能参加学会的会议时,一般由克劳福德伯爵主持会议。 克劳福德伯爵当时收藏了许多黑便士珍品,下面的图是他收藏的黑便士和蓝便士邮票。根据《伦敦集邮家》(1914年)的描述,他的大英帝国藏品包括,175枚黑便士的几乎整版邮票,1840年没有白线的蓝便士,以及几乎整版的219枚“V.R.”黑便士等(图12). 4)金斯顿伯爵 代表爱尔兰的贵族院议员金斯顿(Kingston)伯爵(图13)于1887年加入学会,并在1892年至1896年担任学会会长。他的藏品包括马尔雷迪邮政用品,VR黑便士,1839年财政部竞赛邮票设计稿,印样,黑便士邮票等等。他还曾撰写过有关“黑便士母模2”等邮文。 5)学会监护人和荣誉会长---爱德华八世国王
威尔士亲王(后来的爱德华八世国王,图14)在1919年至1936年为学会的荣誉会长,在1936年1月26日登基成为国王后接替其父王乔治五世兼任学会的监护人。后来因爱美人不爱江山在1936年12月11日退位,成为温莎公爵后,他将学会监护人让给了乔治六世国王。估计爱德华八世国王仅爱美人,其他的都不喜欢(笑话),据说,皇家邮集差一点毁在他的手中,他曾想卖掉皇家邮集。当然了,最后还是留下了。 6)学会监护人乔治六世国王 1936年12月11日乔治六世(图15)成为学会监护人,一直到1952年2月6日去世。虽然乔治六世不如其父亲那样对集邮非常精通和执着,但是他也还算比较喜爱。如在1940年5月6日纪念黑便士100周年时,在伦敦举办了邮展,乔治六世还特意为此展提供了他的皇家邮集的一些珍贵藏品。据《皇家邮学会·1869-1969》一书记载,乔治六世国王在将其藏品送至展览前,付出了巨大努力学习每一件展品的详情,并且在5月8日,乔治六世国王和皇后还令人意外地参观了邮展。国王凭着他的良好记忆,为皇后一件一件地解释他的珍品,以及其背后的有趣故事。
关于此邮展,起初是准备在皇家邮学会的主持下,在伦敦伯爵宫会展中心举办一次大型竞争性的国际展览,原计划于1940年5月6日至5月14日举办。 但是,由于第二次世界大战的爆发迫使人们放弃了这种安排,而改为在伦敦举行规模较小的邮票百年纪念展。这个小型展,于1940年5月6日在伦敦的“兰开斯特宫”举行,由英国皇家邮学会主办。 格洛斯特公爵夫人参加了开幕式,此活动持续了一周。 展览品包括皇家集邮,邮政局,V&A博物馆和皇家邮学会的藏品。该活动还制作了纪念封和邮戳。皇家邮政为纪念邮票诞生百年也发行了一套六枚的邮票,上面有维多利亚女王和乔治六世的侧面像(图16)。 图17为乔治六世1944年在白金汉宫与他的皇家邮集保管人约翰·威尔逊爵士(Sir John Wilson)一起看他的蓝色邮集(注:乔治六世收集的邮品都是放在蓝色的邮册里)。威尔逊爵士在1921年加入皇家邮学会,然后成为学会专家委员会主席,1934年被选为皇家邮学会会长,任期到1949。另外,他还在1938年被乔治六世委任为其皇家邮集的保管人。一直到1969年,著名的《皇家邮集》这本巨著正是他在1952年出版的杰作(有精装本和简装本两种,本人存有一本简装版,如图18左),据说,此书在乔治六世授意下撰写的(注:皇家邮集成册的共有328册)。据印度邮友Abhishek Bhuwalka先生刚刚写的博客说,8月底在澳大利亚的拍卖中,这本精装版的书(真皮书皮,图18,右,唐无忌会士藏品,谢谢唐老提供的照片!)拍出了4312.80澳元 (大约2,190英镑,含佣金) ! 如有朋友有兴趣,可以读读他的博客 https://philaliterature.com/blog/ , 博客里面还有威尔逊爵士谈论他的书和皇家邮集的录像,很珍贵的集邮影视资料。大家还可以点击下面链接,里面有前任皇家邮集保管人Michael Sefi RDP在2004年关于皇家邮集的讲演资料。http://www.philatelymuseum.com/knowledge/ 7)现学会监护人---伊丽莎白二世女王 伊丽莎白二世自其父王去世后,于1953年成为学会监护人至今,在这期间,英女王共到访过两次英国皇家邮学会,一次是1969年4月14日访问过德文郡广场41号的老会所,参加学会成立百年的纪念活动。另一次就是50年后的2019年11月26日到访学会在伦敦金融城的新会所,目的是庆贺学会成立150周年以及为新会所启用剪彩。 1969年到访照片(图19),1969年4月14日女王签名(图19),进门走廊的签名处和与学会领导见面。 应该说虽然英女王公务繁忙,但也会抽出时间来关心一下她的邮集。图20为女王在2002年看为她发行的纪念邮票(注:女王的集邮册是绿色的颜色)。她的皇家邮集保管人Charles Goodwyn RDP H.FRPSL在陪着女王欣赏这些邮票(图20,此照片原挂在老会所的会议室墙上,为本人手机拍摄,颜色有差异)。Goodwyn先生也是是皇家邮学会的老会长(1992年至1994),他在1995年被女王邀请出任皇家邮集保管人,任职到2004年。他也华邮大家,他的华邮集曾多次获得国际金奖。 女王对皇家邮集应该说还是有贡献的,在2001年,她委托斯宾克出售了部分皇家邮集的复品,并购买了目前世界唯一的一枚10方连黑便士首日封(图21)。这一事件当年轰动了整个邮坛,而这一世界上独一无二的封也成为了其邮集的镇馆之宝。 图21:Reproduced by gracious permission of Her mjesty The Queen to whom copyright belongs.版权归英女王所有,翻版必究! 2006年11月8日,时任会长Chris Harman及学会的其他领导受女王之邀到白金汉宫拜见女王,并为女王颁发邮展大奖(图22)。 2015年,习主席在其访英时特意赠送英女王一本中国邮票册,可以想象女王看后一定非常高兴并会联想到她爷爷、爸爸和她共同收藏的那著名的皇家邮集。当时我估计习主席赠送的中国邮票册也可能会成为皇家邮集的一份子。10月28日我受邀第二次到圣詹姆斯宫见皇家邮集保管负责人赛菲先生时,曾问过他此礼品集邮册,他说还没有见到此邮票册,但他相信女王陛下会交给他管理的。然而没过多久,在11月11日,赛菲先生发邮件给我并告知,习主席赠送给女王陛下的中国邮票册礼品已经交给他并与皇家邮集一起保管。 2019年11月26日,英国女王伊丽莎白二世到访英国皇家邮学会新会所并为新址的正式官方启用揭幕,同时祝贺皇家邮学会建会150周年(图23)。访问当天,女王在伦敦金融城市长的陪同下进入新会所,学会会长李施拓会士在门口迎接女王,然后将现任副会长、前任马邃理会长和其他管理人员介绍给了女王。女王在李施拓会长的陪同下兴致勃勃地参观了新会所,并与学会代表们见面。 随后,女王为学会新址揭幕。访问期间,学会的老会长们分别向女王介绍了有关邮集,女王非常有兴趣地认真聆听,并不时地与老会长们互动。皇家邮学会为此次女王的到访还特意印制了纪念封,并且,皇家邮政也准备了当天印有皇家邮学会会标的纪念邮戳。 图23:现任会长李施拓会士(Richard Stock FRPSL)请女王签名(左上和中),老会长哈金斯博士给女王讲解邮集(右上),前会长沃尔顿会士赠《英国皇家邮学会·1869-2019》给女王和《英国皇家邮学会史·1869-2019》(左下和右下)。 图24为新老会长迎接女王和李施拓会长签名的当日纪念封。 皇家邮集的代理保管人Rod Vousden会士(图25,左)和助理保管人Ian Greig会士(右)陪同女王到访皇家邮学会(Michael Pittpaynes会士拍摄)。 大家从上面提及的几位皇家邮集的保管人可以看出,到目前为止,所有保管人不是学会的会长,就是理事或会士;再有,学会的专家委员会在鉴定邮品时,皇家邮集是其最主要的参考资源,多年来,皇家邮集的大门一直为学会敞开着,并且学会每一年的首次展示都是来自皇家邮集的藏品。总之,皇家邮集与学会有着密不可分的关系。下面的表格是所有保管人与学会的关系一览表(图26)。
伦敦邮学会一直与英国皇室有着密切的联系,因为当时皇室中的阿尔弗雷德王子(Prince Alfred,1844-1900,维多利亚女王的二儿子,后来的爱丁堡公爵,图6)就是一位非常出色的集邮家,并自1890年12月19日起,一直担任伦敦邮学会的荣誉会长(1890-1900),直到他1900年去世。 爱丁堡公爵非常喜爱集邮,并还应邀参加了庆祝“均一便士邮资制50周年“和黑便士诞生50周年的活动,此活动于1890年7月2日在伦敦的南肯辛顿博物馆(现为维多利亚和阿尔伯特博物馆,V&A)举办。爱丁堡公爵和公爵夫人出席活动,并且爱丁堡公爵还出任此次活动的主席。在他去世前,他将藏品卖给了他的哥哥(爱德华七世国王),后来他哥哥将此邮集传给了自己的二儿子,“乔治王子”,后来的“乔治五世国王”,即现英国女王伊丽莎白二世的爷爷。 2)乔治五世国王
乔治五世国王对邮票的追求也是很执着的。英国的皇家邮集正是在他的手中发展壮大的。皇家邮集(乔治五世的邮集都放在红色的邮册里)。 乔治于1893年3月10日被选为当时的伦敦邮学会的荣誉副会长。在他1893年7月6日大婚时,学会会员们赠给他了一本邮册作为他的结婚礼物,里面有1500多枚珍贵邮票,全部是100位会员们捐赠的。1893年8月的《集邮记录》报道了约克公爵的婚礼以及伦敦邮学会会员赠送给公爵的婚礼礼物(见图7a)。 1894年5月10日(周四),荣誉副会长乔治(后为乔治五世)出席学会聚会,图8为当天他的签到。1896年5月29日他出任学会的会长,任期长达14年之久,直到他1910年登基做了国王才辞去此职,但仍以国王乔治五世陛下的名义担任邮学会的监护人。 1906年,他还说服父王(爱德华七世国王)将伦敦邮学会的抬头前加上了“皇家”(Royal)字样,改名为“皇家邮学会”(The Royal Philatelic Society,London),使这个集邮家云集的学会有了皇室的影响和权威。 在1906年11月9日他致信给学会副会长克劳福德勋爵,建议使用“皇家邮学会”名称,在里面也解释了为什么要加“伦敦”字样的原因,主要是 “我想我们应该保留 ‘伦敦’以表明我们总部的所在地”(图9)。 乔治五世还是“卓越集邮家名册”(RDP)的第一位签名的集邮家(图10)。在乔治五世任监护人期间,1924年,学会被特准使用英国皇家徽标。大家可以从《伦敦集邮家》封面上见到此皇家徽标。在此温馨提醒大家,在撰写邮文时,不能使用此图片,因为会涉及版权问题。 3)克劳福德伯爵 克劳福德伯爵(The Earl of Crawford,,图11)于1900年6月8日加入伦敦邮学会,并于1902年6月当选副会长(1902-1910)和1910年任会长(1910-1913)。 他是集邮文献学会的创始人,此会于1907年成立,成员包括世界上顶级集邮藏书家。皇家邮学会于1914年设立了克劳福德奖章。当时,如果会长约克公爵(后来的乔治五世)不能参加学会的会议时,一般由克劳福德伯爵主持会议。 克劳福德伯爵当时收藏了许多黑便士珍品,下面的图是他收藏的黑便士和蓝便士邮票。根据《伦敦集邮家》(1914年)的描述,他的大英帝国藏品包括,175枚黑便士的几乎整版邮票,1840年没有白线的蓝便士,以及几乎整版的219枚“V.R.”黑便士等(图12). 4)金斯顿伯爵 代表爱尔兰的贵族院议员金斯顿(Kingston)伯爵(图13)于1887年加入学会,并在1892年至1896年担任学会会长。他的藏品包括马尔雷迪邮政用品,VR黑便士,1839年财政部竞赛邮票设计稿,印样,黑便士邮票等等。他还曾撰写过有关“黑便士母模2”等邮文。 5)学会监护人和荣誉会长---爱德华八世国王
威尔士亲王(后来的爱德华八世国王,图14)在1919年至1936年为学会的荣誉会长,在1936年1月26日登基成为国王后接替其父王乔治五世兼任学会的监护人。后来因爱美人不爱江山在1936年12月11日退位,成为温莎公爵后,他将学会监护人让给了乔治六世国王。估计爱德华八世国王仅爱美人,其他的都不喜欢(笑话),据说,皇家邮集差一点毁在他的手中,他曾想卖掉皇家邮集。当然了,最后还是留下了。 6)学会监护人乔治六世国王 1936年12月11日乔治六世(图15)成为学会监护人,一直到1952年2月6日去世。虽然乔治六世不如其父亲那样对集邮非常精通和执着,但是他也还算比较喜爱。如在1940年5月6日纪念黑便士100周年时,在伦敦举办了邮展,乔治六世还特意为此展提供了他的皇家邮集的一些珍贵藏品。据《皇家邮学会·1869-1969》一书记载,乔治六世国王在将其藏品送至展览前,付出了巨大努力学习每一件展品的详情,并且在5月8日,乔治六世国王和皇后还令人意外地参观了邮展。国王凭着他的良好记忆,为皇后一件一件地解释他的珍品,以及其背后的有趣故事。
关于此邮展,起初是准备在皇家邮学会的主持下,在伦敦伯爵宫会展中心举办一次大型竞争性的国际展览,原计划于1940年5月6日至5月14日举办。 但是,由于第二次世界大战的爆发迫使人们放弃了这种安排,而改为在伦敦举行规模较小的邮票百年纪念展。这个小型展,于1940年5月6日在伦敦的“兰开斯特宫”举行,由英国皇家邮学会主办。 格洛斯特公爵夫人参加了开幕式,此活动持续了一周。 展览品包括皇家集邮,邮政局,V&A博物馆和皇家邮学会的藏品。该活动还制作了纪念封和邮戳。皇家邮政为纪念邮票诞生百年也发行了一套六枚的邮票,上面有维多利亚女王和乔治六世的侧面像(图16)。 图17为乔治六世1944年在白金汉宫与他的皇家邮集保管人约翰·威尔逊爵士(Sir John Wilson)一起看他的蓝色邮集(注:乔治六世收集的邮品都是放在蓝色的邮册里)。威尔逊爵士在1921年加入皇家邮学会,然后成为学会专家委员会主席,1934年被选为皇家邮学会会长,任期到1949。另外,他还在1938年被乔治六世委任为其皇家邮集的保管人。一直到1969年,著名的《皇家邮集》这本巨著正是他在1952年出版的杰作(有精装本和简装本两种,本人存有一本简装版,如图18左),据说,此书在乔治六世授意下撰写的(注:皇家邮集成册的共有328册)。据印度邮友Abhishek Bhuwalka先生刚刚写的博客说,8月底在澳大利亚的拍卖中,这本精装版的书(真皮书皮,图18,右,唐无忌会士藏品,谢谢唐老提供的照片!)拍出了4312.80澳元 (大约2,190英镑,含佣金) ! 如有朋友有兴趣,可以读读他的博客 https://philaliterature.com/blog/ , 博客里面还有威尔逊爵士谈论他的书和皇家邮集的录像,很珍贵的集邮影视资料。大家还可以点击下面链接,里面有前任皇家邮集保管人Michael Sefi RDP在2004年关于皇家邮集的讲演资料。http://www.philatelymuseum.com/knowledge/ 7)现学会监护人---伊丽莎白二世女王 伊丽莎白二世自其父王去世后,于1953年成为学会监护人至今,在这期间,英女王共到访过两次英国皇家邮学会,一次是1969年4月14日访问过德文郡广场41号的老会所,参加学会成立百年的纪念活动。另一次就是50年后的2019年11月26日到访学会在伦敦金融城的新会所,目的是庆贺学会成立150周年以及为新会所启用剪彩。 1969年到访照片(图19),1969年4月14日女王签名(图19),进门走廊的签名处和与学会领导见面。 应该说虽然英女王公务繁忙,但也会抽出时间来关心一下她的邮集。图20为女王在2002年看为她发行的纪念邮票(注:女王的集邮册是绿色的颜色)。她的皇家邮集保管人Charles Goodwyn RDP H.FRPSL在陪着女王欣赏这些邮票(图20,此照片原挂在老会所的会议室墙上,为本人手机拍摄,颜色有差异)。Goodwyn先生也是是皇家邮学会的老会长(1992年至1994),他在1995年被女王邀请出任皇家邮集保管人,任职到2004年。他也华邮大家,他的华邮集曾多次获得国际金奖。 女王对皇家邮集应该说还是有贡献的,在2001年,她委托斯宾克出售了部分皇家邮集的复品,并购买了目前世界唯一的一枚10方连黑便士首日封(图21)。这一事件当年轰动了整个邮坛,而这一世界上独一无二的封也成为了其邮集的镇馆之宝。 图21:Reproduced by gracious permission of Her mjesty The Queen to whom copyright belongs.版权归英女王所有,翻版必究! 2006年11月8日,时任会长Chris Harman及学会的其他领导受女王之邀到白金汉宫拜见女王,并为女王颁发邮展大奖(图22)。 2015年,习主席在其访英时特意赠送英女王一本中国邮票册,可以想象女王看后一定非常高兴并会联想到她爷爷、爸爸和她共同收藏的那著名的皇家邮集。当时我估计习主席赠送的中国邮票册也可能会成为皇家邮集的一份子。10月28日我受邀第二次到圣詹姆斯宫见皇家邮集保管负责人赛菲先生时,曾问过他此礼品集邮册,他说还没有见到此邮票册,但他相信女王陛下会交给他管理的。然而没过多久,在11月11日,赛菲先生发邮件给我并告知,习主席赠送给女王陛下的中国邮票册礼品已经交给他并与皇家邮集一起保管。 2019年11月26日,英国女王伊丽莎白二世到访英国皇家邮学会新会所并为新址的正式官方启用揭幕,同时祝贺皇家邮学会建会150周年(图23)。访问当天,女王在伦敦金融城市长的陪同下进入新会所,学会会长李施拓会士在门口迎接女王,然后将现任副会长、前任马邃理会长和其他管理人员介绍给了女王。女王在李施拓会长的陪同下兴致勃勃地参观了新会所,并与学会代表们见面。 随后,女王为学会新址揭幕。访问期间,学会的老会长们分别向女王介绍了有关邮集,女王非常有兴趣地认真聆听,并不时地与老会长们互动。皇家邮学会为此次女王的到访还特意印制了纪念封,并且,皇家邮政也准备了当天印有皇家邮学会会标的纪念邮戳。 图23:现任会长李施拓会士(Richard Stock FRPSL)请女王签名(左上和中),老会长哈金斯博士给女王讲解邮集(右上),前会长沃尔顿会士赠《英国皇家邮学会·1869-2019》给女王和《英国皇家邮学会史·1869-2019》(左下和右下)。 图24为新老会长迎接女王和李施拓会长签名的当日纪念封。 皇家邮集的代理保管人Rod Vousden会士(图25,左)和助理保管人Ian Greig会士(右)陪同女王到访皇家邮学会(Michael Pittpaynes会士拍摄)。 大家从上面提及的几位皇家邮集的保管人可以看出,到目前为止,所有保管人不是学会的会长,就是理事或会士;再有,学会的专家委员会在鉴定邮品时,皇家邮集是其最主要的参考资源,多年来,皇家邮集的大门一直为学会敞开着,并且学会每一年的首次展示都是来自皇家邮集的藏品。总之,皇家邮集与学会有着密不可分的关系。下面的表格是所有保管人与学会的关系一览表(图26)。
3. 皇家邮学会的活动场所
皇家邮学会从酝酿成立到现在共使用过22个聚会场所(如果包括办公的话应该是27个,这还不包括2019年在伦敦南岸会议中心临时租用的聚会场地)。下面我主要给大家介绍一下前三个和后两个聚会场所。其他场所简介见下表。
1)最早酝酿成立学会的地方
Allhallows Staining教堂和右边的马克巷9号(图28)。
2)第一次活动场所
1869年4月10日伦敦集邮学会的创会地点:大拉塞尔街(或称大罗素街)93号。图29为现在的大拉塞尔街(或称大罗素街)93号。
在这条大街上当时还住着几位维多利亚时代的名人,如著名作家查尔斯·狄更斯(1812–1870,住14号,图30)。说起来这位名闻天下的作家跟我们邮票也能扯上关系,因为在邮票之父罗兰·希尔推广“均一便士邮资制”时,他曾多次发表文章为希尔呐喊助威。他还访问过印制世界上第一枚邮票(黑便士)的印制商---珀金斯,培根和佩奇公司,并且为他的这次到访撰写过文章。当然了,现在有多个国家还为纪念他发行了邮票,并且有邮友专门制作以他为主题的邮集。 另外,世界上另一著名的建筑物也近在咫尺,它就是大英博物馆(图31)。下次邮友们参观大英博物馆时,也可以顺便看看皇家邮学会的创办地93号。 3)第二个活动场所---菲尔布鲁克副会长的办公室 羊楼(Lamb Building)1层(中国应该是2楼)4号。 协会成立后的第一次聚会就是羊楼1层4号的菲尔布鲁克副会长办公室举办的(图32),后来在此地,曾举办过1869年及后来的1873年至1879年间的多次聚会。 4)第二十一个场所(1925.10-2019.4):41 Denvonshire Place,London W1(图33) 学会从1925年10月才正是有了自己固定的会所,也是学会第一次购置房产。 此会所因场地太小,近些年一直困扰着学会,明显已经不适应不断壮大的学会了,于是,在2017年7月7日学会出售了此会所,并在当年12月购置了一座新的房产。2019年5月9日学会在老会所举办完最后一场邮事活动后,大家从此告别此地,会所正式转交给了新的东家。为最后一场聚会,学会还让参会的会员/会士们在特制的纪念封上签了名。 5)第二十二个场所(2019.9-):15 Abchurch Lane,London 新会所坐落在伦敦金融城中心的新会所,包括地下室共7层(图35)。 2019年9月12日,皇家邮学会新址在进行了一年多的装修后,终于迎来了来自世界各地18个国家和地区的200多位会士、会员和朋友们,参加在新会所的第一次邮事活动,即英女王的皇家邮集展示。像上面提及的一样,学会也特意制作了新址的首次聚会纪念封 下面分享一下新会所的照片(图36,照片由学会授权使用)。
1869年4月10日伦敦集邮学会的创会地点:大拉塞尔街(或称大罗素街)93号。图29为现在的大拉塞尔街(或称大罗素街)93号。
在这条大街上当时还住着几位维多利亚时代的名人,如著名作家查尔斯·狄更斯(1812–1870,住14号,图30)。说起来这位名闻天下的作家跟我们邮票也能扯上关系,因为在邮票之父罗兰·希尔推广“均一便士邮资制”时,他曾多次发表文章为希尔呐喊助威。他还访问过印制世界上第一枚邮票(黑便士)的印制商---珀金斯,培根和佩奇公司,并且为他的这次到访撰写过文章。当然了,现在有多个国家还为纪念他发行了邮票,并且有邮友专门制作以他为主题的邮集。 另外,世界上另一著名的建筑物也近在咫尺,它就是大英博物馆(图31)。下次邮友们参观大英博物馆时,也可以顺便看看皇家邮学会的创办地93号。 3)第二个活动场所---菲尔布鲁克副会长的办公室 羊楼(Lamb Building)1层(中国应该是2楼)4号。 协会成立后的第一次聚会就是羊楼1层4号的菲尔布鲁克副会长办公室举办的(图32),后来在此地,曾举办过1869年及后来的1873年至1879年间的多次聚会。 4)第二十一个场所(1925.10-2019.4):41 Denvonshire Place,London W1(图33) 学会从1925年10月才正是有了自己固定的会所,也是学会第一次购置房产。 此会所因场地太小,近些年一直困扰着学会,明显已经不适应不断壮大的学会了,于是,在2017年7月7日学会出售了此会所,并在当年12月购置了一座新的房产。2019年5月9日学会在老会所举办完最后一场邮事活动后,大家从此告别此地,会所正式转交给了新的东家。为最后一场聚会,学会还让参会的会员/会士们在特制的纪念封上签了名。 5)第二十二个场所(2019.9-):15 Abchurch Lane,London 新会所坐落在伦敦金融城中心的新会所,包括地下室共7层(图35)。 2019年9月12日,皇家邮学会新址在进行了一年多的装修后,终于迎来了来自世界各地18个国家和地区的200多位会士、会员和朋友们,参加在新会所的第一次邮事活动,即英女王的皇家邮集展示。像上面提及的一样,学会也特意制作了新址的首次聚会纪念封 下面分享一下新会所的照片(图36,照片由学会授权使用)。
4. 皇家邮学会会刊---《伦敦集邮家》(London Philatelist)
《伦敦集邮家》在1892年1月创刊,目前是全球集邮界最受尊崇的邮刊之一。
图37:《伦敦集邮家》第一期
1879年出版的《集邮纪录》可以被看作是《伦敦集邮家》的先驱者。学会出版自己的期刊的提议来自爱德华·J·南基韦尔,1891年11月6日,学会决定拥有自己的月刊。
《伦敦集邮家》自创办以来从未间断过出版,包括整个第一次和第二次世界大战。在整个1939-45战争期间,缺乏广告是一个问题。纸张短缺导致1945年和1946年期间每年只发行六期。到1947年,该期刊恢复了其先前的每年12期。现在每年十期的模式始于1991年。
《伦敦集邮家》自创办以来从未间断过出版,包括整个第一次和第二次世界大战。在整个1939-45战争期间,缺乏广告是一个问题。纸张短缺导致1945年和1946年期间每年只发行六期。到1947年,该期刊恢复了其先前的每年12期。现在每年十期的模式始于1991年。
5. 皇家邮学会图书馆、博物馆、邮集和出版物
1)图书馆
学会图书馆始创于1886年,当时,伊马热先生捐赠了一系列集邮文献,同时,蒂法尼捐赠了他的一本名为《集邮图书馆》的著作。 他在信中写道:“邀请会员为图书馆的建设做出贡献”。1887年,学会购得了一个书柜,在随后的会议上,理事会成员轮流担任图书管理员。1889年,荣誉财务主管比格斯兼任了“永久图书管理员”。 从那时起,图书馆的规模和重要性不断增加,最终实现了今天的规模。 学会图书馆现有超过28,000册拍卖目录,藏有从1862年比利时人让·巴蒂斯特·莫昂(Jean-Baptiste Moens)出版的“Manuel du collectioneur de Timbre-Poste”邮票目录一直到现在的目录,共计超过4,000本的邮票目录可供大家研究使用。当然,图书馆也收藏了近27,000本邮学专著、书籍和小册子,其中包括来自海峡两岸四地的集邮家和集邮组织出版发行的中外文集邮书籍。学会现存有各种期刊3700册,并且现在还不断地收到来自世界各地的期刊/会刊230种。现图书馆的英文名为“The John Sacher Library”(“约翰·萨克图书馆”,是以学会老会长John Sacher的名字命名的,图38)。
学会图书馆始创于1886年,当时,伊马热先生捐赠了一系列集邮文献,同时,蒂法尼捐赠了他的一本名为《集邮图书馆》的著作。 他在信中写道:“邀请会员为图书馆的建设做出贡献”。1887年,学会购得了一个书柜,在随后的会议上,理事会成员轮流担任图书管理员。1889年,荣誉财务主管比格斯兼任了“永久图书管理员”。 从那时起,图书馆的规模和重要性不断增加,最终实现了今天的规模。 学会图书馆现有超过28,000册拍卖目录,藏有从1862年比利时人让·巴蒂斯特·莫昂(Jean-Baptiste Moens)出版的“Manuel du collectioneur de Timbre-Poste”邮票目录一直到现在的目录,共计超过4,000本的邮票目录可供大家研究使用。当然,图书馆也收藏了近27,000本邮学专著、书籍和小册子,其中包括来自海峡两岸四地的集邮家和集邮组织出版发行的中外文集邮书籍。学会现存有各种期刊3700册,并且现在还不断地收到来自世界各地的期刊/会刊230种。现图书馆的英文名为“The John Sacher Library”(“约翰·萨克图书馆”,是以学会老会长John Sacher的名字命名的,图38)。
2012年,一个以美国集邮研究图书馆及其关联单位的藏品为基础的重大项目,即:全球集邮图书馆(the Global Philatelic Library, 图39)创建了。现在全球27个图书馆列出了近百万集邮刊物。这一计划是在学会老会长弗兰克·沃尔顿会士,原《伦敦集邮家》主编史蒂夫·贾夫斯会士,黑便士专家艾伦·霍利约克会士和许多其他人的共同努力下,才使得它成为了现实。这项开发将所有可搜索的数字资源都集中在一个皇家邮学会的目录中,并在2016年将克劳福德图书馆(现存大英图书馆)也添加进来。大家可以登录其网站查找有关集邮资料。全球集邮图书馆网站: http://www.globalphilateliclibrary.org/
2)学会藏品
在1870年4月16日伦敦集邮学会会议上,时任财务主管弗斯先生提出了创建“学会邮集”的建议,并得到了会员们一致同意。弗斯先生带头捐献了一套完整的“罗马帝国邮票”邮集。 后来,根据奥德菲尔德的建议,理事会决定创建一系列参考邮集,包括邮票、伪造品、再版票、照片和其他供参考的物品(图40)。
图40(courtesy of RPSL):
3)博物馆和档案馆
1909年,学会购买了第一期《邮票收藏家杂志》和《集邮家》杂志,这些邮刊最初是由他们的编辑交给芬顿小姐( Miss Fenton)的,这其中还包括芬顿小姐的注释,以及她与其他集邮家和邮票经销商的通信实物。这可能是最早的档案资料。1950年,吉尔伯特被任命为学会档案馆馆长,后来在1958年,他的头衔改为博物馆馆长。
博物馆收藏了大量与邮票、邮政文具和邮票印刷相关的文物。还有一系列与邮政管理有关的实物,其中包括黑便士印制商珀金斯公司的档案资料,如有关黑便士诞生的信件和资料等。总而言之,这些藏品构成了我们学会集邮历史博物馆的基石,并且博物馆还通过了英国艺术委员会的认证。2017年博物馆正式更名为“集邮史博物馆”( Museum of Philatelic History)并得到国家认证(图41,左上)
1909年,学会购买了第一期《邮票收藏家杂志》和《集邮家》杂志,这些邮刊最初是由他们的编辑交给芬顿小姐( Miss Fenton)的,这其中还包括芬顿小姐的注释,以及她与其他集邮家和邮票经销商的通信实物。这可能是最早的档案资料。1950年,吉尔伯特被任命为学会档案馆馆长,后来在1958年,他的头衔改为博物馆馆长。
博物馆收藏了大量与邮票、邮政文具和邮票印刷相关的文物。还有一系列与邮政管理有关的实物,其中包括黑便士印制商珀金斯公司的档案资料,如有关黑便士诞生的信件和资料等。总而言之,这些藏品构成了我们学会集邮历史博物馆的基石,并且博物馆还通过了英国艺术委员会的认证。2017年博物馆正式更名为“集邮史博物馆”( Museum of Philatelic History)并得到国家认证(图41,左上)
cour图42:女王在听藏品和图书保管人Nicola讲解藏品(其中一件是乔治五世有关皇家邮学会更名的亲笔信),Michael Pittpaynes会士拍摄
图41:印版和棍摸(左中),RDP铜牌(左下,照片由本人手机拍摄),老会长沃尔顿在老会所向大家展示黑便士印刷商珀金斯公司的藏品(右上),现在学会展出的部分藏品和保管员在整理藏品(右中/下)。
4)出版物
出版物永远是学会放在首位的。 学会在其章程中规定的主要目标之一就是“......印刷、出版、发行和传播,或促成制作此类论文、期刊、书籍、通告和其他文献的费用”。 一开始,协会印制了许多与集邮有关的主要著作,这些著作代表了出版时该课题的最新知识。 在某些情况下,一些著作被用作标准的参考书超过了50多年。
学会的第一部主要出版作品是1878年出版的 《西班牙及殖民地邮票、邮资信封和明信片目录》。1890年,学会建立了第一个出版委员会。出版物直到今日还仍然是学会的核心,共出版了超过120本著作。去年在2019斯德哥尔摩国际邮展上获得大金奖的《青康藏邮驿史》(王剑智会士和蔡盛著,图43)就是以学会名义出版的。大家可以通过这个链接查看目前学会出版的新书: https://www.rpsl.org.uk/Publications
6. 皇家邮学会专家委员会
学会专家委员会(图44)是在1894年成立的。自19世纪60年代初以来,伪造品一直是个棘手的问题。自委员会成立以来,共颁发了超过225,000份鉴定证书,现在每年增加3,000份证书。 委员会保存了自己过去的图像鉴定记录,这是一个重要的资源,专家委员会为打假做出了一定的贡献。
7. 皇家邮学会奖章
1)克劳福德奖章(The Crawford Medal)
1914年设立,奖励以书籍形式发表的、对集邮研究和知识最具有价值和最原创的作品(图45-1)。 2)塔普林奖章(The Tapling Medal)
1914年设立,颁发给在《伦敦集邮家》学会期刊上发表的最佳邮文。皇家邮学会的中国代表王剑智会士以他的Chinese Imperial Post in Tibet的邮文在2004年获此殊荣,成为学会成立以来第一位获得此奖的中国人(45-2)。
3)提亚尔奖章(The Tilleard Medal)
1914年设立,颁发给在学会举办的下午1点钟(不超过两人)的最佳展示(45-3)。 4)李氏奖章(The Lee Medal)
为镀银奖章,颁发给在学会下午5点钟举办的一人,或两人共同合作的最佳展示/讲演(45-4)。 5)皇家邮学会奖章(The Royal Philatelic Society London Medal) 1968年设立,颁发给学会理事会认为对学会有突出贡献的会士或会员。 2015年,王剑智会士又成为有史以来获此奖的中国第一人,上面的照片是此奖章的获奖人,包括王会士(45-5)。 6)“皇家邮学会邮展奖章”(The Royal Philatelic Society London Exhibition Medal)
1948年设立为铜质奖章(45-6),第一位获奖人为Théodore Champion RDP(1949年)。 7)“培根奖章”(The Bacon Medal
奖励给学会的荣誉会士,2014年颁发的第一位获奖者是Patrick Pearson RDP, 他是现还健在的老会长(卓越集邮家名册签署人,45-7)。
8)“学会150周年奖章”(The 150th Anniversary Medal)
2018年4月设立,以奖励所有在2019年至2020年期间参加学会组织的150周年纪念活动的参与者。2020年2月29日,包括本人在内的多位大中华地区的集邮人和来自世界各地的集邮家参加了在学会举办的 “亚洲珍邮”展,并荣幸地获得了此奖章(45-8)。 图45(courtesy of RPSL):
1914年设立,奖励以书籍形式发表的、对集邮研究和知识最具有价值和最原创的作品(图45-1)。 2)塔普林奖章(The Tapling Medal)
1914年设立,颁发给在《伦敦集邮家》学会期刊上发表的最佳邮文。皇家邮学会的中国代表王剑智会士以他的Chinese Imperial Post in Tibet的邮文在2004年获此殊荣,成为学会成立以来第一位获得此奖的中国人(45-2)。
3)提亚尔奖章(The Tilleard Medal)
1914年设立,颁发给在学会举办的下午1点钟(不超过两人)的最佳展示(45-3)。 4)李氏奖章(The Lee Medal)
为镀银奖章,颁发给在学会下午5点钟举办的一人,或两人共同合作的最佳展示/讲演(45-4)。 5)皇家邮学会奖章(The Royal Philatelic Society London Medal) 1968年设立,颁发给学会理事会认为对学会有突出贡献的会士或会员。 2015年,王剑智会士又成为有史以来获此奖的中国第一人,上面的照片是此奖章的获奖人,包括王会士(45-5)。 6)“皇家邮学会邮展奖章”(The Royal Philatelic Society London Exhibition Medal)
1948年设立为铜质奖章(45-6),第一位获奖人为Théodore Champion RDP(1949年)。 7)“培根奖章”(The Bacon Medal
奖励给学会的荣誉会士,2014年颁发的第一位获奖者是Patrick Pearson RDP, 他是现还健在的老会长(卓越集邮家名册签署人,45-7)。
8)“学会150周年奖章”(The 150th Anniversary Medal)
2018年4月设立,以奖励所有在2019年至2020年期间参加学会组织的150周年纪念活动的参与者。2020年2月29日,包括本人在内的多位大中华地区的集邮人和来自世界各地的集邮家参加了在学会举办的 “亚洲珍邮”展,并荣幸地获得了此奖章(45-8)。 图45(courtesy of RPSL):
8. 皇家邮学会历届会长
现任会长为李施拓会士(RICHARD STOCK FRPSL),李会长为王剑智会士颁发参展证书,图47(Michael Pittpaynes会士拍摄)。另外在此提一下前会长马邃理会士,他是学会成立以来第一位外籍会长,他来自比利时,卓越集邮家名册签署人(图48)。
9. 皇家邮学会与中国邮人之邮情
1)学会在大中华地区的人数
到2020年8月5日止,学会在大中华地区共有77名会员,其中中国大陆地区31名,中国台湾地区10名和中国港澳地区36名(注:学会现有来自世界各地的会员近2500人)。
2)最早的中国人会员和会士
中国最早的皇家邮学会会员和会士为中国著名的老集邮家、“华邮大王”周今觉先生(图49,左)。周先生是在1927年10月13日由学会理事会批准加入皇家邮学会的,成为了中国人第一位皇家邮学会会员,周今觉先生中年照片(图49,照片由周老的外孙唐无忌会士提供使用,谢谢唐老!)。 1931年2月12日,学会理事会推选周今觉先生为皇家邮学会会士(Fellow of RPSL,简写:FRPSL),他是我国第一位获得这项荣衔的集邮家,获授会士头衔是邮学界中的殊荣,获得者有权在他们的名字后加上“FRPSL”的称号,这在世界集邮界是一个荣誉称号。如1937年出版的周今觉会士修订的《华邮纪要》一书,上面周今觉先生的名字使用的就是M.D.CHOW, F.R.P.S.L.(周今觉会士),见图49(右)。
到2020年8月5日止,学会在大中华地区共有77名会员,其中中国大陆地区31名,中国台湾地区10名和中国港澳地区36名(注:学会现有来自世界各地的会员近2500人)。
2)最早的中国人会员和会士
中国最早的皇家邮学会会员和会士为中国著名的老集邮家、“华邮大王”周今觉先生(图49,左)。周先生是在1927年10月13日由学会理事会批准加入皇家邮学会的,成为了中国人第一位皇家邮学会会员,周今觉先生中年照片(图49,照片由周老的外孙唐无忌会士提供使用,谢谢唐老!)。 1931年2月12日,学会理事会推选周今觉先生为皇家邮学会会士(Fellow of RPSL,简写:FRPSL),他是我国第一位获得这项荣衔的集邮家,获授会士头衔是邮学界中的殊荣,获得者有权在他们的名字后加上“FRPSL”的称号,这在世界集邮界是一个荣誉称号。如1937年出版的周今觉会士修订的《华邮纪要》一书,上面周今觉先生的名字使用的就是M.D.CHOW, F.R.P.S.L.(周今觉会士),见图49(右)。
3)学会的中国人会士
现在,皇家邮学会会士中的中国人有:刘佳维先生、林衡夫先生、李镜禹先生、唐无忌先生、张雄先生、丁劲松先生、何辉庆先生、林茂兴先生、何沐源先生、陈友安先生、王剑智先生、李安娜女士、施邑屏先生、张文德先生、蔡昌道先生、陈达文先生、李宏先生、关卓然先生、梅文藻先生、陈赞殷先生和张华东先生(注:不含大中华地区以外的华人)。 4)学会和中国邮人之间的友好往来 1990年,我国著名集邮家沈曾华先生的《华东解放区邮政史》邮集在伦敦世界邮展上获得了新中国集邮史上的第一个金奖,从此使我国的集邮活动进入了一个飞速发展阶段。据小道消息,沈老还差一点成为第一位签署“卓越集邮家名册”的中国人(RDP)。图50(上):沈老在99年获得世展国家大奖,下:沈老夫妇与原国际集邮联合会郑炳贤主席(谢谢沈老女儿沈长春大姐提供的照片!)
现在,皇家邮学会会士中的中国人有:刘佳维先生、林衡夫先生、李镜禹先生、唐无忌先生、张雄先生、丁劲松先生、何辉庆先生、林茂兴先生、何沐源先生、陈友安先生、王剑智先生、李安娜女士、施邑屏先生、张文德先生、蔡昌道先生、陈达文先生、李宏先生、关卓然先生、梅文藻先生、陈赞殷先生和张华东先生(注:不含大中华地区以外的华人)。 4)学会和中国邮人之间的友好往来 1990年,我国著名集邮家沈曾华先生的《华东解放区邮政史》邮集在伦敦世界邮展上获得了新中国集邮史上的第一个金奖,从此使我国的集邮活动进入了一个飞速发展阶段。据小道消息,沈老还差一点成为第一位签署“卓越集邮家名册”的中国人(RDP)。图50(上):沈老在99年获得世展国家大奖,下:沈老夫妇与原国际集邮联合会郑炳贤主席(谢谢沈老女儿沈长春大姐提供的照片!)
1998年,学会老会长、英国著名集邮家艾伦·哈金斯荣誉会士受中华全国集邮联邀请到中国来讲学,时任集邮联副秘书长刘佳维会士参与组织了此次FIP专家讲学的活动,见下图照片:刘佳维、兰峰(左)与哈老在一起。图51(左)照片:刘佳维、兰峰(左)与哈老在一起(谢谢刘佳维会士友情提供照片)。
值得一提的是,哈老在上海讲学期间,还特意抽出时间到唐无忌会士家中看望这位中国的老朋友,一聊就是两个小时,这充分体现了中英两位老邮友间的友谊之情。唐老和太太还特意亲自制作了英国muffins和著名的伯爵茶让哈老品尝。哈老知道唐老除邮票外,还喜爱瓷器,所有还特意带来了英国名瓷礼品赠送给了唐老(见图51右照片中唐老手拿的瓷盘,谢谢唐老提供的资料和照片!)。
2009年 9月22日由中国宋庆龄基金会与英国皇家邮学会共同举办了“贡献世界 中英邮票集庆”展览。时任宋庆龄基金会副主席杨绍明先生带队(图52,右),分别在中国驻英大使馆和英国皇家邮学会会所举办了邮票展览。时任皇家邮学会会长莫尔克劳夫特会士还接受了中国国际广播电台记者李宁静的采访(照片和资料来自网络,图52,左)。
图52(照片来自网络,谢谢!):
2000年,时任中华全国集邮联合会副秘书长刘佳维会士(现为集邮联和皇家邮学会双会士)率领中国代表团参加了伦敦世界邮展。图53照片为代表团在大本钟前合影,左起:李捷女士,朱广亮先生,刘佳维会士和常珉会士(谢谢刘佳维会士提供的照片)。在此邮展上,我国集邮家李曙光会士和常珉会士获大金奖,李先生的《中国军邮史1931-1953》获大金奖加特别奖,常先生的《人们中国---建国前后邮展历史》邮集获得了大金奖,图53(右)为常会士在颁奖仪式上接受奖章,据常老师讲,他还是1999年由老会长哈金斯介绍入会的老皇家邮学会会员。因照片不太清楚并且时间太久远了,常老师已经记不清为他颁奖的先生是谁了,因此,本人又问了学会的两位老会长(Mr Brian Trotter RDP 和Chris Harman RDP),终于搞清楚了,这位先生是皇家邮学会前会长约翰·莱韦特(John Levett RDP ,1986-1988任会长)先生,他还是“卓越集邮名册”签署人和前国际集邮联大奖俱乐部主席(1986-1989)。有缘的是,本人因喜欢黑便士还收藏了一枚约翰·莱韦特先生的黑便士,而这枚邮票在我之前是另一位黑便士收藏大家、“卓越集邮名册”签署人、泰国的Pichai Buranasombati博士的藏品(我们中国人称他为“披猜”先生)。图53(谢谢刘会士和常会士的照片):
2010年5月8日至15日,丁劲松会士的《中国1897年红印花加盖邮票》邮集参加了伦敦世界邮展,并获得了大金奖,中国驻英大使馆刘晓明大使和夫人参观了展览,皇家邮学会老会长Chris King 陪同大使观看了中国的参展作品,赵岳先生还为大使进行了讲解。图54:左起:金会长(Chris King),刘大使,大使夫人,赵岳先生和ACPF原常务副会长谭小为先生(谢谢赵先生提供的照片和资料)。图54:
另外,据邵林会士的博客(2010.6.24)介绍,“李知非的《中国大清邮资明信片》(邮政用品类)获金奖,蔡增辉的《中华人民共和国第一套印花税票国旗地球图(1949—1955)》(税票类)获大镀金奖,张雄的《中国人民解放军军邮(1933—1951)》(邮政历史类)获大镀金奖(见下图),陈山的《中华民国国际挂号邮资(1912—1949)》(邮政历史类)获镀金奖,罗庆泉的《消毒》(专题类)获镀金奖。”(《上海集邮》2010年第6期)。从1990,2000到2010年,中国集邮家们在伦敦邮展上屡获大奖,因此,有人说“英国伦敦世界邮展是我国集邮家的福地!”非常遗憾,今年的世展因疫情推迟到了2022年,不然的话,我国一定会再诞生几位大金奖获得者!
从图56/57张雄会士的证书上可以看出,证书上涉及的五个人物都与学会有关,照片人物为学会老会长乔治五世国王,展会评审主席Francis Kiddle也是学会老会长(1994-1996),组委会主席Brian Trotter为后来的学会会长(2011-2013),评审委员会秘书Malcolm Groom为学会会士,获奖者张雄先生后来也被选为皇家邮学会会士。图56和57(谢谢张雄会士的照片):
2011年6月,我国老集邮家唐无忌先生和林衡夫先生双双被选为皇家邮学会的会士,一些学会会员们聚在一起祝贺二老当选!据赵岳先生讲,此聚会由丁劲松会士在喜来登上海会所宴请!(图55,谢谢赵岳提供的补充资料)。 图55:
2012年4月16日,中国邮票展览在伦敦英国皇家邮学会会所与2012伦敦书展活动同时开幕。展示了孙蒋涛会士的《海关大龙邮票(1878—1897)》和丁劲松会士的《中国1897红印花加盖邮票》邮集的部分精品,还有中国邮政邮票博物馆的新中国邮票。赵岳先生和孙蒋涛会士还作了专题演讲,赵岳演讲的题目是《红印花小2分倒兼复邮票的发现与研究》,正在由于此次演讲,4月17日造访大英图书馆时,听过演讲的邮藏部主任,学会老会长David Beach会士拿出了馆藏红印花,计两张贴片,其中便有一枚红印花小2分倒兼复,经研究确认版位为20,此票共计20枚,现存16枚。皇家邮学会还为每一位参展人和参加人颁发了参展证书。下面是赵岳先生保存的丁劲松会士的证书和国内为此邮展印制的、带有中英世界文化遗产建筑(长城和塔桥)及红印花和大龙邮票图案的纪念片。
展览由国家邮政局主办,中华全国集邮联合会、中国邮政邮票博物馆承办,意在促进中英文化交流,展示我国邮票历史与邮票文化的独特魅力,为中国主宾国活动增添光彩。时任国家邮政局徐建洲副局长(原集邮联常务副会长)和英国皇家邮学会、英国皇家邮政等方面嘉宾一同出席了邮展开幕式。4月18日,中国邮学家代表团到访英国皇家邮学会,中国邮政文史中心副主任吕兴华先生、现任中华全国集邮联合会副会长孙蒋涛会士和集邮家王剑智会士、赵岳先生等参加了此次邮事活动。
图58:谢谢赵先生提供的资料和照片 图59:照片来自2012年《亚洲邮学家》
2012年11月7-14日,英国皇家邮学会老会长金凯斯先生(Chris King RDP)携夫人访问了中国。图60(照片来自2013年《亚洲邮学家》)
金会长在王剑智会士的陪同下,拜会时任集邮联刘佳维副会长和著名集邮家魏钢会士(照片来自魏钢会士,图61和下图62)
2015年1月,来自大中华地区及海外的皇家邮学会的部分华人会士和会员们在英国学会的会所举办了一场无以伦比的华邮珍品展示。为此展示,《亚洲邮学家》还特意出版了一本名为《皇华璎珞》一书(台湾地区著名集邮家、书法家俞兆年老先生题写书名,图63)。
2017年5月,北京邮友关小敏女士来英探望在英留学的女儿,在本人的陪同下拜访了学会,参观了博物馆和图书馆等。谢谢关女士授权使用此照片(图64)。
2017年7月30日,为祝贺英国中山商会成立和中山同乡会成立一周年,广东的青年集邮家王晓强先生和钟伟成先生在伦敦的威斯敏斯特大学礼堂举办了一场小型的“孙中山邮票”展览。皇家邮学会的副会长兼秘书长彼得·科伯恩会士夫妇及副秘书长理查德·贝里会士应本人邀请也前来助阵邮票展,科伯恩副会长还代表皇家邮学会致辞。8月7日,王晓强先生和钟伟成先生在英国中山同乡会周洁怡会长、英国中山商会谭仲尧名誉会长和本人的陪同下,应邀到访皇家邮学会,科伯恩副会长和贝里副秘书长亲自为远道而来的二位中国客人介绍邮学会的历史,带他们参观学会的博物馆、图书馆、会议室和阅览室等等,并还作为推荐人推荐他俩加入了学会(图65)。
图64 和 图65:
2017年8月29日至9月4日,学会副会长彼得·科伯恩会士携夫人Judy(英籍马来西亚华人)访问上海。9月1日,中国集邮家施邑屏会士陪同科伯恩会士和夫人走访了上海云洲邮市,然后又陪他们到四川北路的上海市集邮协会所在地,与时任上海市邮协办公室主任,副秘书长張玉茹等亲切交谈,致细了解了上海市邮协的工作人员、杂志、集邮活动等情况。他也介绍了皇家邮学会的情况。晚上,上海邮友与科伯恩会士一行聚叙,施邑屏会士、赵岳先生、王剑智会士、陈佩女士、张晓钢先生、顾金花女士等参加了晚上的聚会。图66为張玉茹副秘书长(现《上海集邮》主编)、科伯恩会士和施邑屏会士在上海市集邮学会合影(谢谢施老师提供照片和资料)。
图66:
2017年10月,在中国集邮家博物馆在江苏高邮开馆前夕,文献会葛会长和时任高邮政协倪主席让本人转告时任学会马邃理会长开馆事宜,随后马会长委托本人转交了他代表学会给博物馆的贺电,并且在10月28日开馆时,由学会中国代表王剑智会士在开馆仪式上宣读了贺电。现中国集邮家博物馆名誉馆长倪文才会士在2018年访问皇家邮学会时,马邃理会长还将贺电原件交给了倪会士。
图67: 图68(赵岳先生提供照片):
2017年10月下旬,学会会员上海集邮家赵岳先生再次到访学会,并且正是此次到访也使他得到了1877年德纳罗公司中国档案的信息,并且诞生了一部他的大作《德纳罗密档》,图68。
《手机集邮》创办人、原《上海集邮》编辑杨嘉宇先生在2018年2月15日首次以会员身份访问了学会,并在聚会中受到了马邃理会长的特别介绍。杨先生还赠送给学会伊丽莎白二世女王头像的剪纸作品和《上海集邮》(图69)。
2018年5月,皇家邮学会老会长、“卓越集邮家名册”签署人沃尔顿会士和张华东会士一起在广州参加世界第一枚邮票黑便士的推广活动。下图70(上)左起:钱洲瑜先生(学会会员),张华东会士、沃尔顿会士、林伟雄先生(活动组织方)和韩国著名画家Kim Jung Gi先生。2018年5月21日,沃尔顿会士还专程到东莞与邮友们交流,并参观了莞城图书馆内由皇家邮学会会员王晓强先生和钟伟成先生,以及沈敦武会士等捐助的集邮文献室(尺素斋),下图70(下)。
图69(左)和图70(右):
2018年6月12日,中国集邮家博物馆赴英考察团一行16人抵达英国伦敦,开启了12天的黑便士和邮票之父的探秘之旅。考察团由中国集邮家博物馆的名誉馆长倪文才会士任团长,中华全国集邮联合会原副会长刘佳维会士为顾问,成员也由国内多位重量级的会士组成,如葛建亚会士、林轩会士、王宏伟会士、胡玉良会士、马驎会士和英国皇家邮学会的三位会士王剑智先生、李安娜女士和张华东先生,以及关小敏女士、刘希祥先生、书法家李建先生等共17人组成。访问团参观了皇家邮学会的新老会所,并受到了时任会长马邃理会士的热情款待。图71照片:图左上:访问团成员、书法家李建先生向马会长赠送其书法作品,图右上,王宏伟会士向马会长赠送《中国集邮报》年册,中:马会长宴请中国客人,图左下:两位老会长(金会长和布莱恩·特罗特会长)带领大家参观新会所(正在装修),图右下:在罗兰·希尔雕像前合影(本人拍摄).
2018年9月,杭州集邮家张健会士到访学会。本人陪同张会士到学会做客(图72)。
图71(照片均由访英团成员拍摄): 图72(谢谢张健会士提供照片):
2019年6月,世界邮展在武汉举行。皇家邮学会有史以来首次组团参加了在武汉举办的世界邮展,团员来自世界 7 个国家和地区的学会会员和会士,老会长沃尔顿任团长,本人为召集人,在此感谢马驎会士的帮忙和付出!沃尔顿会士还受邀在武汉世展《一带一路与集邮》论坛上做了主旨演讲。图73:沃尔顿会士和李近朱会士在《一带一路与集邮》论坛上交谈
沃尔顿会士与中国集邮家一起参加了多项邮事活动,到武汉第一天就参加了文献研究会组织的王宏伟会士摄影作品集一书的首发式,“卓越集邮家名册”(RDP)保管人约翰会士(现学会秘书长)和夫人也参加了此活动。图74:左图上:王宏伟会士向两位皇家会士赠书,右图上:沃尔顿老会长为杨文钟补发会员证书,中图(左):为邮友们签名,中图(右):皇家参访团成员、武汉金奖获得者瑞典集邮家与《中国集邮报》蔡总和葛会长合影,下图:邮友邱盛先生在黄鹤楼与参访团巧遇。
图73(本人摄): 图74:
图75照片说明:图左上:沃尔顿老会长、约翰会士夫妇与文献会葛建亚会长、山西邮协何成宏秘书长、普票会陈国成会长、《集邮报》王俊清编辑、大连集邮家王威先生和张华东一起合影,图右上:文献会葛会长和天津文献会张效建会长与三位皇家会士在武汉合影,中左:代表团部分成员与《世界珍邮》展览组织方的廖总(右1)和钱总(左1)合影(他们也是皇家邮学会参访团的赞助方),中右:武汉副市长刘子清接见代表团并互赠礼品,图下:杨利民会长与部分皇家代表团成员在下榻酒店合影。
图76照片说明:图左上:部分参访团成员与国际集邮联贝斯顿主席在颁奖晚宴上合影留念,图右上:代表团团长沃尔顿会士作为2020(2022)伦敦世界邮展组委会主席在武汉世展闭幕式上接旗后,与武汉世界邮展组委会部分官员们合影(左起,武汉政府席单副秘书长,亚邮联潘勇华副主席,国际集邮联贝斯顿主席,沃尔顿会士,FIP副主席Bernard Jimenez先生和武汉邮协会长,本人拍摄),中左:沃尔顿会士等与河北邮协常乐秘书长合影,中右:沃尔顿会士(左2)与学会大中华台湾地区代表林茂兴会士(右2)、著名集邮家林昌龙先生(右1)、南阳邮协常务副会长张占基先生(左1)和张华东在武汉世展合影,图下:沃尔顿会士与中国集邮家们一起参加《世界珍邮》展览(左起:《中国集邮报》蔡总、本人、盛世收藏廖总、李毅民会士、沃尔顿会士、刘佳维会士、李近朱会士、马驎会士和王剑智会士)。
图75: 图76:
在汉期间,皇家代表团参观了东风本田汽车厂,拜访了武汉集邮协会和武汉市崇仁路集邮与收藏品市场,受到了市场总经理丁红梅女士和武汉市供销资产经营集团公司党委副书记兼工会主席肖丽芬女士,武汉专题集邮者联谊会苏清会长,时任武汉集邮协会副会长、现任武汉市残疾人集邮联谊会会长张晓东先生等朋友们的热情接待。在那里,与武汉邮友们进行了互动,大家相互赠送了集邮文献,马驎老师主持了联谊会,李毅民会士和原中国邮票邮政博物馆邮票鉴定专家关鹤舞先生也参加了联谊活动,武汉集邮家陈波先生介绍了本地的早期邮政史和集邮活动。《武汉邮苑》也报道了此次联谊活动(谢谢武汉邮史专家陈波先生提供的照片,图77)
2019年9月初,上海集邮家张兰青老兄来访,本人陪他到新老会所参观,并于老会长金先生在新会所合影留念(图78)。
图77: 图78:
2019年11月4日,应本人邀请学会李施拓会长代表皇家邮学会为郭润康纪念馆开馆给汤馆长写信祝贺(图79,下图左)!
2020年初,中国人民都在全力以赴抗击新冠肺炎疫情,疫情也牵动着世界各地集邮人的心,皇家邮学会李施拓会长和2020年世界邮展组委会主席、老会长沃尔顿会士应本人之邀分别为武汉写下了祝福语,并分别发表在《中国集邮报》和《集邮报》上(谢谢余景军先生的文章和两家报纸的报道,图80,下图右)。
2020年4月,本人也荣幸地当选为皇家邮学会理事会理事,成为学会150年来第一位华人理事,《中国集邮报》报道了余景军先生的短文(谢谢!),谢谢《中国集邮报》蔡总提供的照片(图81)。
当然,除上述活动和邮事外,学会每年都会在中国举办一次中国年会,到现在已经举办10年了,今年11月将会在汕头举办第11届年会。在此说明一下,上面的活动只是本人知道的一些中英交流的往事,应该还有许多本人不知的交流活动,记得2015年伦敦邮展时,中国也有参展,但本人不知详情,抱歉不能在此一一罗列!如有邮友们知道更多信息,望告知,以便更新。
10.皇家邮学会150年大庆
皇家邮学会为祝贺150周年华诞举办了多场庆祝活动,如2019年4月10日生日当天的午宴(图82),4月11日举办的英女王“皇家邮集”和老会长们的邮集展示。5月29日至6月2日在瑞典举办的2019年斯德哥尔摩国际邮展、2019年9月12日在新会址举办了第一次展示活动,11月26日英国女王为新会址剪彩仪式以及2020年2月29日在伦敦新址举办的“亚洲珍邮”展览等。本来原计划在2020年5月举办的伦敦2020世界邮展及会长盛宴也是其中一部分庆典活动,但因疫情只能推迟举办了。下面发几张照片给大家欣赏。
克罗地亚邮政特意为皇家邮学会150周年华诞印制的邮资明信片,此邮资片由克罗地亚集邮协会会长马拉斯(Maras)会士的女儿弗兰卡·马拉斯设计(图82,中)。英国皇家邮政也专门制作了RPSL纪念邮戳,并在2019年1月15日发行的邮票上使用。
瑞典国王(图83,左上,本人摄)亲自出席了2019斯德哥尔摩国际邮展开幕式,英女王代表、皇家邮集代理保管人Rod Vousden会士和学会马邃理会长在门前迎接国王。值得一提的是,中国集邮家王剑智会士的著作和李宏会士(图83,右上,本人摄))的邮集在斯德哥尔摩国际邮展上各获得了一枚大金奖!王剑智会士除了获得文献类大金奖外,他的邮集还获得了其他三枚金奖(图83,左下,谢谢Danny照片)。
图82(照片由Bart Willekens先生拍摄): 图83:
“亚洲珍邮”邮展由英国皇家邮学会会士、中国香港代表李安娜女士(下图84:右上)组织承办,英国皇家邮学会会长李施拓会士给予了大力支持和帮助。在邮展上,除了42框珍品外,还在一楼会员大客厅的四个展柜里展出了中国“邮王”、皇家邮学会首位中国会员和会士周今觉先生编辑出版的集邮杂志《邮乘》(香港梅文藻会士的藏品)以及本人提供的罗兰·希尔遗嘱复印件、签名封、希尔儿子的《邮票之来源》小册子等藏品。此次邮展大获成功,进一步促进了外国邮友们与中国集邮人的交流,增进了友谊。李安娜女士还专门为此邮展印制了纪念封(下图84:下)。图84为Michael Pittpaynes会士拍摄
另外,中国刺绣艺术家周雪清女士专门为此次邮展制作了英女王2019年11月26日到访皇家邮学会的艺术作品,并且在展会上专门举行了赠送仪式,周女士的英国朋友代表她向学会赠送了此件艺术品,李施拓会长高兴地接受了捐赠,同时表示此件作品意义非凡,它记录了英女王伊丽莎白二世访问学会的这一历史时刻。此次捐赠是由英国香山艺术周洁怡女士和本人从中牵线搭桥。祝愿中英邮人的邮情长存!图85为Michael Pittpaynes会士拍摄
图84(Michael Pittpaynes会士拍摄): 图85:
大家可以点击下列链接观看老会长沃尔顿会士,大英图书馆邮集负责人Skinner会士、伦敦华邮学会会长Davey会士和本人在几年前录制的有关学会和华邮的资料(注:学会成立时间为1869年4月10日,本人在录像中口误为10月,抱歉!):https://www.ixigua.com/6476277231680225806/
鸣谢Chris King RDP(提供了大部分资料和照片)、Michael Pittpaynes会士、唐无忌会士、施邑屏会士、王剑智会士、张健会士、常珉会士、张雄会士、赵岳先生、陈波先生、蚁健先生、沈长春大姐和宋冀平先生等,部分照片和资料来自网络、The Queen’s Stamps、1969年及2019年皇家邮学会出版的《皇家邮学会史》、学会网站以及本人以前发表的有关文章。本次讲座文字和图片如大家转用,需经原作者同意,并注明出处!谢谢!另外,再说明一点,上面本人用的“会士”,有的指的是皇家会士,有的是我国的会士。
欢迎大家参观10月1日至3日举办的伦敦网络国际邮展,皇家邮学会有展位,请点击此链接https://www.rpsl.org.uk/Virtual-Stampex 进入皇家邮学会展台。也欢迎大家加入皇家邮学会!另外给大家一点福利,点击此链接,您可以免费下载最近三期的学会会刊《伦敦集邮家》(The London Philatelist) https://www.rpsl.org.uk/Virtual-Stampex/Membership-cn
最后,让我用英国皇家邮学会李施拓会长(Richard Stock FRPSL)为此讲座写给本人的一封信来结束此文。李会长知道此讲座后,特意给本人写了一封信,他信中说,“我借此机会代表皇家邮学会欢迎我们中国的朋友们参加你的讲座,并祝愿活动成功,望邮友们度过一个愉快的一天。大家还可以通过访问学会网站、参加中国年会和加入本会来对皇家邮学会有更多的了解。衷心地感谢,并送上我的祝福!”
谢谢李施拓会长!
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邮票之父——罗兰·希尔真的没有替姑娘付邮资
最近一段时间,邮友们对一个美好的故事,即邮票之父---罗兰·希尔慷慨解囊替姑娘付邮资的故事比较感兴趣,这一以讹传讹的故事还在传播。其实,早在2015年笔者在拙著《解密黑便士》中已经讲述了这一故事的真实情况,并且,笔者还在2016年第四期的《集邮》杂志上又专门撰写文章讲述此故事的来龙去脉(见下文)。拙著出版后,也有几位邮友撰文更正此美好故事,如余景军先生发表在2016年3月《中国集邮报》上的文章(注:2018年3月9日,微信公众号:“方寸邮缘”又转载了余先生此文,见下面的文章),近期,李厚禄老师也在《集邮报》上发表了《帮人付邮资的不是罗兰·希尔》一文。但是,最近还是有朋友们撰文传播这一传说,因此,笔者再将2016年第四期《集邮》杂志上刊登的拙文,余景军先生的文章及李厚禄老师的文章发表于此,供大家参考。拙文如有不妥之处,望邮友们指正!=========================
究竟是谁帮人付的邮资?
---关于“邮票之父”的一个谜
张华东
在集邮界,大家都非常熟知的一个广为流传的邮票之父----罗兰·希尔替人付邮费的动人故事,此故事在国内外流传了一百多年,到目前还被人津津乐道地传播着。此故事应该分为三个版本,我国流传的其中一个版本是这样的:19世纪30年代的某一天,伦敦北部地区的一位中学校长罗兰·希尔正在街上散步,他看到一位邮递员将一封信交给一位姑娘(图1)。姑娘接过信,匆匆瞟了一眼,马上又将信还给了邮递员,不肯收下,说没有钱付邮资。希尔十分纳闷儿,就慷慨地替姑娘付了邮资,邮递员将信又交给了姑娘。邮递员走后,希尔好奇地问姑娘为何不收信,姑娘羞怯地告诉他,信是她远方的男朋友寄来的,因为邮资昂贵,她支付不起,所以不能收,不过,她已从信封上了解了对方的情况。原来,他们约好在信封上写一种只有他俩才懂得的象形文字,这样,用不着看信的内容就互通音讯了。姑娘还说:她太穷了,付不起邮资,只能发明了这种方法给自己免邮资了。
在集邮界,大家都非常熟知的一个广为流传的邮票之父----罗兰·希尔替人付邮费的动人故事,此故事在国内外流传了一百多年,到目前还被人津津乐道地传播着。此故事应该分为三个版本,我国流传的其中一个版本是这样的:19世纪30年代的某一天,伦敦北部地区的一位中学校长罗兰·希尔正在街上散步,他看到一位邮递员将一封信交给一位姑娘(图1)。姑娘接过信,匆匆瞟了一眼,马上又将信还给了邮递员,不肯收下,说没有钱付邮资。希尔十分纳闷儿,就慷慨地替姑娘付了邮资,邮递员将信又交给了姑娘。邮递员走后,希尔好奇地问姑娘为何不收信,姑娘羞怯地告诉他,信是她远方的男朋友寄来的,因为邮资昂贵,她支付不起,所以不能收,不过,她已从信封上了解了对方的情况。原来,他们约好在信封上写一种只有他俩才懂得的象形文字,这样,用不着看信的内容就互通音讯了。姑娘还说:她太穷了,付不起邮资,只能发明了这种方法给自己免邮资了。
图1:图来自英国邮政博物馆宣传册子
笔者在创作《解密黑便士》一书时,读阅了大量的书籍和资料,结果在罗兰·希尔爵士和其侄子乔治·伯克贝克·希尔(George Birkbeck Hill所著的《罗兰·希尔爵士的一生及便士邮资制的历史》(THE LIFE OF SIR ROWLAND HILL& THE HISTORY OF PENNY POSTAGE)书中(图2)及希尔著名的小册子《邮政局改革---其重要性与实用性》(Post Office Reform; Its Importance and Practicability)第三版中发现了上面故事的真正来源了,其实此故事不是发生在罗兰·希尔身上,而是塞缪尔·泰勒·柯尔律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)先生(图3)的亲身经历,并且故事发生在英国著名的风景地---湖区,而不是伦敦。 柯尔律治先生(1772年10月21日~1834年7月25日)是一位英国诗人、思想家、文学评论家和哲学家,他与他的朋友威廉·华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)是英国浪漫主义运动的创始人和湖畔诗人的一员。他的评论作品,特别是对莎士比亚的,极具影响力,他帮助将德国唯心主义哲学引进到了以英语为母语的文化中。柯尔律治创造了许多后人熟悉的英文单词和短语。
究竟是谁帮人付的邮资?
究竟是谁帮人付的邮资?
图2:书由英国布鲁斯城堡博物馆友情提供,照片由笔者拍摄。
希尔在他的书中描述的柯尔律治先生亲身经历的另一版本真实故事是这样的:在19世纪的某一天,柯尔律治先生路过英格兰坎布里亚郡的一个小城镇凯西克(Keswick)的一间茅屋时,他看到一位邮递员正在向这家房子的女主人为一封信索取1先令的邮资,而女主人不愿意给。于是他帮女主人付了邮费。当邮递员走远后,女主人告诉他信是他儿子寄来的,他儿子在信封上做了个暗记,暗记说明她儿子一切都好,所以她就可以不收信,也就不必付邮费了。当信被打开后,里面啥也没有,是空的。通过此故事就可以看出因为邮资昂贵,她支付不起,所以不能收,不过,她已从信封上的记号了解到了儿子的情况,这样将信退回而不用付邮资。老百姓为了省钱,想尽各种办法来骗邮局,希尔深感当时高额的邮资制度给普通老百姓带来的不便,决心进行邮政改革。
希尔在他的书中描述的柯尔律治先生亲身经历的另一版本真实故事是这样的:在19世纪的某一天,柯尔律治先生路过英格兰坎布里亚郡的一个小城镇凯西克(Keswick)的一间茅屋时,他看到一位邮递员正在向这家房子的女主人为一封信索取1先令的邮资,而女主人不愿意给。于是他帮女主人付了邮费。当邮递员走远后,女主人告诉他信是他儿子寄来的,他儿子在信封上做了个暗记,暗记说明她儿子一切都好,所以她就可以不收信,也就不必付邮费了。当信被打开后,里面啥也没有,是空的。通过此故事就可以看出因为邮资昂贵,她支付不起,所以不能收,不过,她已从信封上的记号了解到了儿子的情况,这样将信退回而不用付邮资。老百姓为了省钱,想尽各种办法来骗邮局,希尔深感当时高额的邮资制度给普通老百姓带来的不便,决心进行邮政改革。
图3
那么故事是何时被人们误传了呢?通过希尔的书中记载发现它是被当时维多利亚时代的一位著名的女作家哈里特·马蒂诺小姐( Miss Harriet Martineau,图3)将人物搞混淆了,她在希尔著名的邮改小册子发表13年后出版了《三十年和平时期的英格兰史》 (History of England During the Thirty Years’Peace),在书中将人物给调包了,在她的书中将柯尔律治改为了希尔,地点没变,还是湖区。
图4
马蒂诺小姐的版本为:有一天,年轻的罗兰·希尔先生路过湖区时,他看见一位投递员正将一封信交给在一间茅屋门旁的妇人,此妇人将信翻过来,查看了一遍,然后又还给了投递员,说她付不起一先令的邮资。希尔听到信是妇人哥哥寄来的,尽管妇人明显地不情愿,希尔先生还是替她付了邮资。投递员走远后,妇人还给希尔看他是如何浪费邮资的(依照妇人的看法),信打开后里面是空的。她和哥哥有个约定,即只要哥哥一切安好,他就每三个月寄封空信,于是妇人就可以不付邮资得知她哥哥的平安音信了。希尔的侄子乔治在书中提到:希尔几年前跟他提起过马蒂诺小姐的笔误,希尔认为她是粗心大意造成的并且此事还给希尔招来了麻烦。希尔在其小册子出版后给马蒂诺小姐寄了一本,可能马蒂诺小姐没有仔细阅读小册子,于是在其作品里将故事的人物柯尔律治改为了希尔,为此,许多报纸还攻击希尔,说他将善事记在了自己身上。估计马蒂诺小姐可能是疏忽,但也可能是故意为了歌颂希尔为人类通信事业所做出的杰出贡献,所以将此助人为乐的事迹就记在了邮票之父的头上,以至于大家一直到现在还在以讹传讹,甚至英国邮政博物馆标题为《罗兰·希尔和邮改》(ROWLAND HILL AND POSTAL REFORM) 的宣传材料上(图1)也说的是罗兰·希尔。当然,将一切美好的事情归功于这样一位受人尊敬的伟人也是可以理解的,但是我们还应实事求是,让人们了解故事的真正来龙去脉。没想到希尔在1880年其书中就更正过的故事还一直被人们误传到现在,估计人们尽管知道真相,但还是愿意以此误传的故事来纪念这位为人类做出杰出贡献的邮票之父。
注:本文发表在<<集邮>>杂志2016年第4期,如下图:
注:本文发表在<<集邮>>杂志2016年第4期,如下图:
邮票发明者的一个“以讹传讹”故事
2018-03-09 余景军 方寸邮缘
在我国,时下还在盛传一个关于邮票发明者罗兰·希尔的一个故事,特别是在我国于2015年12月3日发行JP210《罗兰·希尔与黑便士邮票》纪念邮资明信片后。其最著名的桥段就是小姑娘因为付不起邮费而与哥哥预定好在信封上做记号。这里面,有些故事说是发生在乡村,有些则说在伦敦(至于说是伦敦的哪个方位就此忽略)。寄信一方有的说是“哥哥”,有的说是“恋人”。邮差与姑娘的对白也有多种版本。为小姑娘付费(具体是4便士、5便士,等说法多种)的则是故事的主人罗兰·希尔,有的说罗兰·希尔当时是中学校长,有的则说是一名教师。故事发生的时间也有不同版本,1836年的有,1838年的有,有的说是在秋天,有的说是在夏天,有的说在春天。故事的结尾都是,小姑娘倒出真委,上当的罗兰·希尔立志改革邮政和发明邮票。总之,故事很美好。
该故事首先出自何处、什么时候出现的?对于这些问题,现在看来似乎并不重要了,重要的是有意或无意编造这个故事始作俑者的用心了。在近代中国史中,由于长期遭受帝国主义入侵殖民、蹂躏和压迫,对于那些国家不好的东西,都会被站起来了的思想者的嘲笑,于是,根据一星半点的记载与传说,结构一些精巧、美好的故事也就顺理成章,加上附和拥趸的添枝加叶,出现各种版本就不足为奇了。
然而,集邮与邮票都是要以科学态度对待的事情。在邮票发明的故乡以及世界大多数国家,并不流传这个故事,这就促使我们要探究这个“美好的故事”了。
2015年9月,由河北华山文艺出版社出版的,由旅英华裔集邮者张华东先生著作的一本普及读物《解密黑便士》中用雄辩事实以正视听地对这个以讹传讹“美好的故事”做出了完美回应。
该故事首先出自何处、什么时候出现的?对于这些问题,现在看来似乎并不重要了,重要的是有意或无意编造这个故事始作俑者的用心了。在近代中国史中,由于长期遭受帝国主义入侵殖民、蹂躏和压迫,对于那些国家不好的东西,都会被站起来了的思想者的嘲笑,于是,根据一星半点的记载与传说,结构一些精巧、美好的故事也就顺理成章,加上附和拥趸的添枝加叶,出现各种版本就不足为奇了。
然而,集邮与邮票都是要以科学态度对待的事情。在邮票发明的故乡以及世界大多数国家,并不流传这个故事,这就促使我们要探究这个“美好的故事”了。
2015年9月,由河北华山文艺出版社出版的,由旅英华裔集邮者张华东先生著作的一本普及读物《解密黑便士》中用雄辩事实以正视听地对这个以讹传讹“美好的故事”做出了完美回应。
该书第38页是这样记载的:“经过笔者读阅了罗兰·希尔爵士的原著(笔者注:《罗兰·希尔爵士的一生及便士邮资制的历史》)后发现上面故事的真实来源了,其实此故事不是发生在罗兰·希尔身上,而是塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)先生的亲身经历”。
张华东先生进一步写到:“在19世纪的某一天,柯勒律治先生路过英格兰坎布里亚郡的一个小城镇凯西克(Keswick)的一间茅屋时,他看到一位邮递员正在向这家房子的女主人为一封信索取1先令的邮资,而女主人不愿意给。于是他帮女主人付了邮费。当邮递员走远后,女主人告诉他,信是他儿子寄来的,她儿子在信封上做了暗号,暗号说明她儿子一切都好,所以她就可以不收信,也就不必付邮费了。当信被打开后,里面啥也没有,是空的。”
回头再看看那些以讹传讹中的另外一些问题:
从罗兰·希尔年谱年代划分上,1827年-1939年为布鲁斯城堡学校校长,该校在伦敦东北部,但是罗兰·希尔自1831年-1834年却在南澳大利亚殖民委员会为著名的政治家爱德华·吉本·韦克菲尔工作。之后就“一心一意地干他一生中最主要的发明——‘均一便士邮资制’的工作”。说明那个以讹为讹中的1836年,罗兰·希尔根本就不再担任教师,只不过因家族管理方面,还挂名家族学校的“校长”而已。
故事主角不是小姑娘,是一茅屋的女主人,金额不是5便士,是1先令。英国当时的币制是1镑合20先令,1先令合12便士,这也说明为什么“黑便士”邮票一版240枚的原因,因为一版正好1英镑。
近来,某微信平台再次用那个“以讹传讹”的故事以《第一枚邮票的故事,集邮的你知道吗?》为题,再次将时间错,地点错,发生的对象错,发生的内容错,故事的主人错,总之一错百错大错特错的美好故事广为传播。笔者认为,通过媒体将上述错误指出以正视听,这才是中国广大集邮者应该知道的。
(本文于2016年1月发表于《中国集邮报》)
此文来自:http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/cX9Tzh9zgXyLj91wtzvVsw =================================================
张华东先生进一步写到:“在19世纪的某一天,柯勒律治先生路过英格兰坎布里亚郡的一个小城镇凯西克(Keswick)的一间茅屋时,他看到一位邮递员正在向这家房子的女主人为一封信索取1先令的邮资,而女主人不愿意给。于是他帮女主人付了邮费。当邮递员走远后,女主人告诉他,信是他儿子寄来的,她儿子在信封上做了暗号,暗号说明她儿子一切都好,所以她就可以不收信,也就不必付邮费了。当信被打开后,里面啥也没有,是空的。”
回头再看看那些以讹传讹中的另外一些问题:
从罗兰·希尔年谱年代划分上,1827年-1939年为布鲁斯城堡学校校长,该校在伦敦东北部,但是罗兰·希尔自1831年-1834年却在南澳大利亚殖民委员会为著名的政治家爱德华·吉本·韦克菲尔工作。之后就“一心一意地干他一生中最主要的发明——‘均一便士邮资制’的工作”。说明那个以讹为讹中的1836年,罗兰·希尔根本就不再担任教师,只不过因家族管理方面,还挂名家族学校的“校长”而已。
故事主角不是小姑娘,是一茅屋的女主人,金额不是5便士,是1先令。英国当时的币制是1镑合20先令,1先令合12便士,这也说明为什么“黑便士”邮票一版240枚的原因,因为一版正好1英镑。
近来,某微信平台再次用那个“以讹传讹”的故事以《第一枚邮票的故事,集邮的你知道吗?》为题,再次将时间错,地点错,发生的对象错,发生的内容错,故事的主人错,总之一错百错大错特错的美好故事广为传播。笔者认为,通过媒体将上述错误指出以正视听,这才是中国广大集邮者应该知道的。
(本文于2016年1月发表于《中国集邮报》)
此文来自:http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/cX9Tzh9zgXyLj91wtzvVsw =================================================
帮人付邮费的不是罗兰·希尔
李厚禄
集邮者大都知道关于邮票之父罗兰·希尔帮人付邮费的故事,这个感人的故事有多种版本,主要内容是讲一位姑娘因拒绝收来信而与邮递员发生争执,罗兰·希尔遇见此事后,帮助付了邮费,并把信递给那位姑娘。罗兰·希尔得知,原来是他们因为付不起太高的邮费,又由于是由收信人交付邮费,他们事先做出约定:把要表达的意思用符号标注在信封上,看到信上的符号就了解了信的内容,拒收来信,就不用付邮费了。这个故事确有其事,反映了当年英国邮政的种种弊端,但是却搞错了故事的主人公。
2016年第4期《集邮》曾刊出旅英集邮家张华东先生的大作《究竟是谁帮人付的邮费?——关于“邮票之父”的一个谜》。其中说明集邮界广为流传的罗兰·希尔帮人付邮费的故事,其实是一种误传,实际上帮人付邮费的是英国诗人、思想家、文学评论家和哲学家塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治。
张先生是在罗兰·希尔与其侄子乔治·伯克贝克·希尔所著的《罗兰·希尔爵士的一生及便士邮资制的历史》及罗兰·希尔著名的小册子《邮政局改革——其重要性和实用性》第三版中发现了这个故事的真正来源,罗兰·希尔在书中描述了这个故事,深感当时高额的邮资制度给普通百姓带来的不便。张先生还追溯了这个故事是如何地被误传的,原来是著名的女作家哈里特·马蒂诺小姐在《三十年和平时期的英格兰史》一书中,将人物搞混淆了。罗兰·希尔的侄子乔治在自己的书中提到:希尔几年前向他提起马蒂诺小姐的笔误,此事还给希尔招来了麻烦,许多报纸还攻击他将善事记在自己身上。张先生还介绍了,这个故事即使在英国,直到现在还在以讹传讹,甚至英国邮政博物馆的标题为《罗兰·希尔和邮政》的宣传材料上,也说是罗兰·希尔帮人付的邮资。
张先生的大作发表以来,仍见有文章引述罗兰·希尔帮人付邮费的故事,今年某邮刊第2期的一篇文章中,笔者见到了有关这个故事的最为详细的讲述。
《集邮报》2018年第13期(3.28)第A3版“指误纠错”专栏
集邮者大都知道关于邮票之父罗兰·希尔帮人付邮费的故事,这个感人的故事有多种版本,主要内容是讲一位姑娘因拒绝收来信而与邮递员发生争执,罗兰·希尔遇见此事后,帮助付了邮费,并把信递给那位姑娘。罗兰·希尔得知,原来是他们因为付不起太高的邮费,又由于是由收信人交付邮费,他们事先做出约定:把要表达的意思用符号标注在信封上,看到信上的符号就了解了信的内容,拒收来信,就不用付邮费了。这个故事确有其事,反映了当年英国邮政的种种弊端,但是却搞错了故事的主人公。
2016年第4期《集邮》曾刊出旅英集邮家张华东先生的大作《究竟是谁帮人付的邮费?——关于“邮票之父”的一个谜》。其中说明集邮界广为流传的罗兰·希尔帮人付邮费的故事,其实是一种误传,实际上帮人付邮费的是英国诗人、思想家、文学评论家和哲学家塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治。
张先生是在罗兰·希尔与其侄子乔治·伯克贝克·希尔所著的《罗兰·希尔爵士的一生及便士邮资制的历史》及罗兰·希尔著名的小册子《邮政局改革——其重要性和实用性》第三版中发现了这个故事的真正来源,罗兰·希尔在书中描述了这个故事,深感当时高额的邮资制度给普通百姓带来的不便。张先生还追溯了这个故事是如何地被误传的,原来是著名的女作家哈里特·马蒂诺小姐在《三十年和平时期的英格兰史》一书中,将人物搞混淆了。罗兰·希尔的侄子乔治在自己的书中提到:希尔几年前向他提起马蒂诺小姐的笔误,此事还给希尔招来了麻烦,许多报纸还攻击他将善事记在自己身上。张先生还介绍了,这个故事即使在英国,直到现在还在以讹传讹,甚至英国邮政博物馆的标题为《罗兰·希尔和邮政》的宣传材料上,也说是罗兰·希尔帮人付的邮资。
张先生的大作发表以来,仍见有文章引述罗兰·希尔帮人付邮费的故事,今年某邮刊第2期的一篇文章中,笔者见到了有关这个故事的最为详细的讲述。
《集邮报》2018年第13期(3.28)第A3版“指误纠错”专栏
此照片由邮友王光珉先生提供,谢谢!
(注:本文发表在2018-04-06 23:47:28本人的“英爱邮人”的博客上)
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My thoughts about the Earliest Known Dated Penny Black Lettered "AI"
Jack Zhang FRPSL Dated 31 Dec.,2021
On 7th Dec.,2021, Sotheby’s Auction failed to sell the estimated £4-6 million Wallace Documents (Penny Black lettered “AI” and Mulready proof, Fig.1). I noticed that some people discussed this matter enthusiastically in one website and also mentioned my name, for which I am very much honoured and also I have to say many thanks for the free advertisement for me, but it seems to me that a few of them misunderstood me and also confused other stamp collectors. When I posted something in my Twitter and Facebook, I just posted the news like other friends or social media and had no intention to support anything. At first, I did not like to get involved in this discussion, however, some people mentioned my name and requested me to give response. Therefore, I would like to write here about the information I know on the world’s first postage stamp--- the Penny Black. I checked the information I have got myself and the materials about the Penny Black for my new book and would like to share them with my philatelic friends.
On 7th Dec.,2021, Sotheby’s Auction failed to sell the estimated £4-6 million Wallace Documents (Penny Black lettered “AI” and Mulready proof, Fig.1). I noticed that some people discussed this matter enthusiastically in one website and also mentioned my name, for which I am very much honoured and also I have to say many thanks for the free advertisement for me, but it seems to me that a few of them misunderstood me and also confused other stamp collectors. When I posted something in my Twitter and Facebook, I just posted the news like other friends or social media and had no intention to support anything. At first, I did not like to get involved in this discussion, however, some people mentioned my name and requested me to give response. Therefore, I would like to write here about the information I know on the world’s first postage stamp--- the Penny Black. I checked the information I have got myself and the materials about the Penny Black for my new book and would like to share them with my philatelic friends.
Fig.1. the image from Sotheby’s Auction video
Some Facts (in Black) and My Comments (in Blue)
1. On 2nd March, the watermarked paper by Mr.Stacey Wise was decided to be used and five days later, the draft arrangement for the methods of distributing the stamps were made at the Stamp Office and all details were settled by the end of March 1840(R.Lowe,p65).
This means people concerned discussed all the details about the issuing the stamps before March 1840 and Wallace, as Chairman of the Parliament Select Committee on Postage should have known something about issuing.
2. On 17th March 1840, Mr.J.B.Bacon wrote to Mr.Wise “It is quite time the sample sheet with the crowns made its appearance or you will be out in your contract,” and Mr.J.P. Bacon sent him another letter on the following day in which he said: “From the time you are in getting this sheet ready, my father fears you will be behind time with the paper.” The sheet or sheets must have arrived on the following morning, as we find Perkins,Bacon & Petch wrote to Mr.Wise on March 19th, telling him that the watermark was not correct, and giving him directions of the way in which it was to be altered (Bacon,Vol.I,p39).
3. On 18th March 1840, Mr.Henry L. Wickham(chairman of the Commissioners of Stamps and Taxes) wrote to Rowland Hill telling him about the prices, terms for the contract which will be signed with both Stamp printer(Perkins,Bacon & Petch) and Mulready stationery printer(Messrs. Clowes and Sons). please see Bacon.Vol.1, p27.
4. On 19 March 1840, The Printer advised Stacey Wise (Papermaker) that “The Crowns must be lowered one eighth of an inch more, the 20 crowns equally divided up and down the plate: this will leave the eighth of an inch thus gained to be equally divided between the upper and lower margin...”(Bacon,Vol.I.p39 and Alan Druce Vol.I, pp305-306).
Alan Druce FRPSL also mentioned an article published by The Lincoln, Rutland and Stamford Mercury on 20 March 1840 which reads: “Mr.Wise, of Rush-mills, near Northampton, has obtained the order from the Post-office for the supply of the penny adhesive stamps. We have seen a sheet of paper adopted by Government. It is divided into three compartments, each containing two hundred and forty small water-Mark crowns; under each of these there will be a medallion of the Queen’s Head and the price of the stamp. Although each sheet will contain seven hundred and twenty stamps, and when printed be equal in value to three pounds, still sufficient room is left that each penny stamp may be cut out. It is an ingenious yet simple invention.”(Alan Druce Vol.I, pp114-115).
The above indicates that the Printer should have got some Crown watermarked paper in the factory before 19th or 20th March, 1840, but the Crown watermark was not in the right position which needed a little bit change. Edward Bacon also mentioned this paper by saying that “The moulds used for this paper and for the sample watermarked sheets ordered on February 19th were returned to Mr.Edwin Hill on April 15th,1840.”(Bacon,Vol.I, p40). One can see from here that this wrong-positioned watermark paper samples were in the Printer’s hand as early as 19th March and Mr. Wise (papermaker) returned the moulds used for the watermark to Edwin until 15th April 1840, so the Printer had got a chance to use this kind of watermarked paper to do the test for the finished plate No.1 on 8th April,1840.
5. On 1st April, the whole sheet of Penny Black proof was ready, but without the check letters at the bottom corners and the inscription.
6. On 2nd April,1840,Mr.Wise had new moulds for the correct Crown watermark and wrote to these gentlemen (the Printer etc.) as follows: “Will send you a sheet of the Stamp paper on Saturday morning if the officers will permit it, they have suggested whether it ought not to be sent to the Excise Office first——…”(Bacon,Vol.I,p40).
The above indicates that the correct watermarked paper sample (three sheets of printing plate paper) should be in the Printer’s hand on Saturday (4th April,1840) morning. Was this sheet of paper included in 135 Mill reams despatched by Rush Mill? Based on Alan Druce’s Table 8.1(Alan Druce,Vol.I.p167), it was not included in the table. However, where is this sheet of paper with Crown watermark? Maybe this is the sheet of paper that was used for test printing after the Printer finished the complete Plate No.1 on 8th April 1840, and the AI Penny Black discussed here and other impressions given to some people as a gift might come from this sheet!!!
7. On 4th April, the tools called “Punch” for the check letters were received by the Printer(PB&P).
8. On 4th April, R.Gordon’s letter already mentioned the issue of Stamps to the public(Alan Druce,Vol.1,p313) asking the exact time.
9. On 6 April (Monday), Stacey Wise Jnr. Wrote to Perkins Bacon (Printer) advising: “My father purposes being in Town tomorrow taking with him 2 Reams of the Crown paper and will call Wednesday morning early.” (Druce Vol.I,p309). Two Reams of Crown Paper were hand-delivered by Mr.Wise on 7 April 1840.(Druce Vol.I.p165 and p167).
“Now supplied Perkins Bacon, on Wednesday 8 April, with 1000 treble sized sheets of Crown Watermarked paper.”(Druce vol.I, p310).
The above indicates that the Printer or Somerset House should have got Crown Watermarked paper on 8th April, 1840 when the complete Plate No.1 was ready.
10. On 8th April, the Die was ready and the marginal inscriptions to Plate 1 was also completed on this day (Alan Druce, Vol.1, p316). According to Perkins record, the plate was ready on this day too(Perkins Bacon Records, Vol.II, p725).
If the Printer (PB&P) finished the whole plate of 240pcs.Penny Black on 8th April, by common sense, I am sure they would do some test by using this new plate with all check letters in the lower corners and inscriptions at the four edges of the sheet and then gave the tested samples (or sheet) to Rowland Hill or Mr Baring for them to confirm/approve. I think this is logical. How can they finish the plate without doing anything (testing or approval), and just wait to use it formally on 11th April? At least they should tried one or two sheets and check whether all the 480 check letters (on the bottom corner of the Penny Black) were in correct position or not and then printed 12 sheets (four sheets of Mill paper) for the Stamp Office on 11th April.
Based on the above information, the Printer at this time had got both wrong-positioned Crown watermarked paper and also at least one sheet of correct Crown watermarked paper sample (three printing sheets) from Mr.Wise on 4th April 1840.
11. On 9th April, the printer informed Mr.Charles Pressly that “one plate for the public for the penny stamps (Plate 1a) is entirely ready”. If the paper arrived, they could print on the Monday next.
12. Edwin Hill’s diary on Sunday 27 Sep 1840 mentioned Mr. Allen’s Report dated Sept.7 by saying: “Ap 10 to June 30 paper recd from the Excise 135 Rms Of 1500 sheets each = 202,500 sheets…” (RPSL ARCHIVE No.1 Edwin Hill’s Diary 1840 by Roger Johnson FRPSL and Frank L. Walton RDP FRPSL, pxxvii and p79, Druce Vol.I,pp188-189).
13. On 10th April, Pressly’s letter to the Printer(Fig.2):
This means people concerned discussed all the details about the issuing the stamps before March 1840 and Wallace, as Chairman of the Parliament Select Committee on Postage should have known something about issuing.
2. On 17th March 1840, Mr.J.B.Bacon wrote to Mr.Wise “It is quite time the sample sheet with the crowns made its appearance or you will be out in your contract,” and Mr.J.P. Bacon sent him another letter on the following day in which he said: “From the time you are in getting this sheet ready, my father fears you will be behind time with the paper.” The sheet or sheets must have arrived on the following morning, as we find Perkins,Bacon & Petch wrote to Mr.Wise on March 19th, telling him that the watermark was not correct, and giving him directions of the way in which it was to be altered (Bacon,Vol.I,p39).
3. On 18th March 1840, Mr.Henry L. Wickham(chairman of the Commissioners of Stamps and Taxes) wrote to Rowland Hill telling him about the prices, terms for the contract which will be signed with both Stamp printer(Perkins,Bacon & Petch) and Mulready stationery printer(Messrs. Clowes and Sons). please see Bacon.Vol.1, p27.
4. On 19 March 1840, The Printer advised Stacey Wise (Papermaker) that “The Crowns must be lowered one eighth of an inch more, the 20 crowns equally divided up and down the plate: this will leave the eighth of an inch thus gained to be equally divided between the upper and lower margin...”(Bacon,Vol.I.p39 and Alan Druce Vol.I, pp305-306).
Alan Druce FRPSL also mentioned an article published by The Lincoln, Rutland and Stamford Mercury on 20 March 1840 which reads: “Mr.Wise, of Rush-mills, near Northampton, has obtained the order from the Post-office for the supply of the penny adhesive stamps. We have seen a sheet of paper adopted by Government. It is divided into three compartments, each containing two hundred and forty small water-Mark crowns; under each of these there will be a medallion of the Queen’s Head and the price of the stamp. Although each sheet will contain seven hundred and twenty stamps, and when printed be equal in value to three pounds, still sufficient room is left that each penny stamp may be cut out. It is an ingenious yet simple invention.”(Alan Druce Vol.I, pp114-115).
The above indicates that the Printer should have got some Crown watermarked paper in the factory before 19th or 20th March, 1840, but the Crown watermark was not in the right position which needed a little bit change. Edward Bacon also mentioned this paper by saying that “The moulds used for this paper and for the sample watermarked sheets ordered on February 19th were returned to Mr.Edwin Hill on April 15th,1840.”(Bacon,Vol.I, p40). One can see from here that this wrong-positioned watermark paper samples were in the Printer’s hand as early as 19th March and Mr. Wise (papermaker) returned the moulds used for the watermark to Edwin until 15th April 1840, so the Printer had got a chance to use this kind of watermarked paper to do the test for the finished plate No.1 on 8th April,1840.
5. On 1st April, the whole sheet of Penny Black proof was ready, but without the check letters at the bottom corners and the inscription.
6. On 2nd April,1840,Mr.Wise had new moulds for the correct Crown watermark and wrote to these gentlemen (the Printer etc.) as follows: “Will send you a sheet of the Stamp paper on Saturday morning if the officers will permit it, they have suggested whether it ought not to be sent to the Excise Office first——…”(Bacon,Vol.I,p40).
The above indicates that the correct watermarked paper sample (three sheets of printing plate paper) should be in the Printer’s hand on Saturday (4th April,1840) morning. Was this sheet of paper included in 135 Mill reams despatched by Rush Mill? Based on Alan Druce’s Table 8.1(Alan Druce,Vol.I.p167), it was not included in the table. However, where is this sheet of paper with Crown watermark? Maybe this is the sheet of paper that was used for test printing after the Printer finished the complete Plate No.1 on 8th April 1840, and the AI Penny Black discussed here and other impressions given to some people as a gift might come from this sheet!!!
7. On 4th April, the tools called “Punch” for the check letters were received by the Printer(PB&P).
8. On 4th April, R.Gordon’s letter already mentioned the issue of Stamps to the public(Alan Druce,Vol.1,p313) asking the exact time.
9. On 6 April (Monday), Stacey Wise Jnr. Wrote to Perkins Bacon (Printer) advising: “My father purposes being in Town tomorrow taking with him 2 Reams of the Crown paper and will call Wednesday morning early.” (Druce Vol.I,p309). Two Reams of Crown Paper were hand-delivered by Mr.Wise on 7 April 1840.(Druce Vol.I.p165 and p167).
“Now supplied Perkins Bacon, on Wednesday 8 April, with 1000 treble sized sheets of Crown Watermarked paper.”(Druce vol.I, p310).
The above indicates that the Printer or Somerset House should have got Crown Watermarked paper on 8th April, 1840 when the complete Plate No.1 was ready.
10. On 8th April, the Die was ready and the marginal inscriptions to Plate 1 was also completed on this day (Alan Druce, Vol.1, p316). According to Perkins record, the plate was ready on this day too(Perkins Bacon Records, Vol.II, p725).
If the Printer (PB&P) finished the whole plate of 240pcs.Penny Black on 8th April, by common sense, I am sure they would do some test by using this new plate with all check letters in the lower corners and inscriptions at the four edges of the sheet and then gave the tested samples (or sheet) to Rowland Hill or Mr Baring for them to confirm/approve. I think this is logical. How can they finish the plate without doing anything (testing or approval), and just wait to use it formally on 11th April? At least they should tried one or two sheets and check whether all the 480 check letters (on the bottom corner of the Penny Black) were in correct position or not and then printed 12 sheets (four sheets of Mill paper) for the Stamp Office on 11th April.
Based on the above information, the Printer at this time had got both wrong-positioned Crown watermarked paper and also at least one sheet of correct Crown watermarked paper sample (three printing sheets) from Mr.Wise on 4th April 1840.
11. On 9th April, the printer informed Mr.Charles Pressly that “one plate for the public for the penny stamps (Plate 1a) is entirely ready”. If the paper arrived, they could print on the Monday next.
12. Edwin Hill’s diary on Sunday 27 Sep 1840 mentioned Mr. Allen’s Report dated Sept.7 by saying: “Ap 10 to June 30 paper recd from the Excise 135 Rms Of 1500 sheets each = 202,500 sheets…” (RPSL ARCHIVE No.1 Edwin Hill’s Diary 1840 by Roger Johnson FRPSL and Frank L. Walton RDP FRPSL, pxxvii and p79, Druce Vol.I,pp188-189).
13. On 10th April, Pressly’s letter to the Printer(Fig.2):
Even if the Printer did not do any testing after finishing the whole Plate no.1, I am sure on this day (10 April, 1840), the Stamp Office would do the test, otherwise, what is the point for them just seeing the plate for the penny stamp?! They must have seen some tested stamps or printed something in Somerset House so that they can compare the plate and the printed stamps and check everything was fine and then, the Printer could get the plate back on the same day and start production on the following day (11th April,1840).
Based on the above-mentioned letter of Stacey Wise Jnr. dated 6 April and Edwin’s diary of 27th Sept.,1840, the Printer or Somerset House had got the Crown Watermarked paper before 10th April 1840, so using watermarked paper to print Penny Black was possible.
14. On 11 April, John Ledingham wrote a letter to J.Bacon telling him that “Mr.Hill wishes to have another proof of the Sheet of Penny Stamps on Stacey Wise’s paper (if you can) or on paper such as you sent the other. If you wish it Mr.Hill will return it to you on Monday.” On 11 April, J.B.Bacon sent a letter to R.Hill and enclosed a sheet of the penny stamps on Mr.Wise’s paper and also asked the sheet should return to him by Monday at 12 o’clock, because Joshua Bacon said that “as I have only yet tried four sheets of paper, all of which must return the Comr. Of Stamps at that time”.(Alan Druce, Vol.1,p317).
The above means that all 12 sheets (4 sheet of paper) returned to the Comr. Of Stamps by Monday (13th April 1840) and the Printer should have not got any printed stamps left. But the question is why they could give a few impressions to other people (pls see below points) on 12th April, 13th April and 18th April?Where did these stamps come from? This indicates that the Printer must have printed something and kept them in their own hands.
15. On 11 April, the Printer formally started printing the penny stamps. 16. According to Alan Druce’s book (Vol.1) on page 317 and also Edward Bacon’s book (Bacon,Vol.II,p38), they both mentioned Joshua Bacon (the Printer) gave a proof impression from the die to Mr.Marriott on 12 April 1840 (Fig.3) and the letter is as follows:
“69, FLEET STREET; April 12th,1840.DEAR SIR, As the adhesive stamp for the Penny Postage is now definitely settled, I beg your acceptance of a proof impression from the die, and to express my thanks for your great kindness in procuring me one, and loaning me also other medals to assist us in the drawing.
I am, &c.,&c., [Signed] JOSHUA B.BACON.- MARRIOTT,ESQ.”
Based on the above-mentioned letter of Stacey Wise Jnr. dated 6 April and Edwin’s diary of 27th Sept.,1840, the Printer or Somerset House had got the Crown Watermarked paper before 10th April 1840, so using watermarked paper to print Penny Black was possible.
14. On 11 April, John Ledingham wrote a letter to J.Bacon telling him that “Mr.Hill wishes to have another proof of the Sheet of Penny Stamps on Stacey Wise’s paper (if you can) or on paper such as you sent the other. If you wish it Mr.Hill will return it to you on Monday.” On 11 April, J.B.Bacon sent a letter to R.Hill and enclosed a sheet of the penny stamps on Mr.Wise’s paper and also asked the sheet should return to him by Monday at 12 o’clock, because Joshua Bacon said that “as I have only yet tried four sheets of paper, all of which must return the Comr. Of Stamps at that time”.(Alan Druce, Vol.1,p317).
The above means that all 12 sheets (4 sheet of paper) returned to the Comr. Of Stamps by Monday (13th April 1840) and the Printer should have not got any printed stamps left. But the question is why they could give a few impressions to other people (pls see below points) on 12th April, 13th April and 18th April?Where did these stamps come from? This indicates that the Printer must have printed something and kept them in their own hands.
15. On 11 April, the Printer formally started printing the penny stamps. 16. According to Alan Druce’s book (Vol.1) on page 317 and also Edward Bacon’s book (Bacon,Vol.II,p38), they both mentioned Joshua Bacon (the Printer) gave a proof impression from the die to Mr.Marriott on 12 April 1840 (Fig.3) and the letter is as follows:
“69, FLEET STREET; April 12th,1840.DEAR SIR, As the adhesive stamp for the Penny Postage is now definitely settled, I beg your acceptance of a proof impression from the die, and to express my thanks for your great kindness in procuring me one, and loaning me also other medals to assist us in the drawing.
I am, &c.,&c., [Signed] JOSHUA B.BACON.- MARRIOTT,ESQ.”
Fig.3
17. Alan Druce FRPSL also said that “The wording of Joshua Bacon’s letter to William Marriott tends to suggest that only an impression, and not a full sheet, was sent to Marriott, whilst similarly Edward Denny Bacon’s recording that ‘a proof was sent by Mr.J.B.Bacon to his cousin Mr.William Wheelwright, in a letter dated April 13th, 1840’, may also suggest that a single impression was forwarded to the founder of The Pacific Steam Navigation Company.”(Alan Druce, Vol.1,p317).
Based on the above two single impressions (Penny Black stamps), if Mr.J. B. Bacon of the Printer could give some stamps to his friends, why didn’t he or the Comr. Of Stamps give a few pcs.to the Right Honourable Chancellor of the Exchequer, Francis Thornhill Baring or Rowland Hill etc.? It is a possibility, because Mr.Baring was the Chancellor of the Exchequer who was in charge of the matter then and Rowland Hill worked for him at Downing Street to promote the postal reform and also be in charge of designing the postage stamps etc., so Mr.Baring could get several pcs.of Penny Black stamps on or about 10th April and then gave one of them to Mr. Robert Wallace as a gift. Even Rowland Hill might give the impressions to his boss, Mr.Baring, because Rowland Hill worked for him then at Downing Street.
The above two single Penny Black gift from Johua Bacon were 100% sure not from the so called “Imprimatur sheet” approved by the Somerset House on 15th April 1840 and also proves that the proofs of the Penny Black or just impressions were not controlled very strictly like what some people mentioned in the threads of one website. The printer might have printed something except 12 sheets which returned to Somerset House, kept them for their own use and given the impressions to anybody they liked or had helped them. Please see below Point No.18, which also proves this point.
18. The Printer sent Penny Black Proof to Henry Cole on 18 April,1840(Fig.4).
17. Alan Druce FRPSL also said that “The wording of Joshua Bacon’s letter to William Marriott tends to suggest that only an impression, and not a full sheet, was sent to Marriott, whilst similarly Edward Denny Bacon’s recording that ‘a proof was sent by Mr.J.B.Bacon to his cousin Mr.William Wheelwright, in a letter dated April 13th, 1840’, may also suggest that a single impression was forwarded to the founder of The Pacific Steam Navigation Company.”(Alan Druce, Vol.1,p317).
Based on the above two single impressions (Penny Black stamps), if Mr.J. B. Bacon of the Printer could give some stamps to his friends, why didn’t he or the Comr. Of Stamps give a few pcs.to the Right Honourable Chancellor of the Exchequer, Francis Thornhill Baring or Rowland Hill etc.? It is a possibility, because Mr.Baring was the Chancellor of the Exchequer who was in charge of the matter then and Rowland Hill worked for him at Downing Street to promote the postal reform and also be in charge of designing the postage stamps etc., so Mr.Baring could get several pcs.of Penny Black stamps on or about 10th April and then gave one of them to Mr. Robert Wallace as a gift. Even Rowland Hill might give the impressions to his boss, Mr.Baring, because Rowland Hill worked for him then at Downing Street.
The above two single Penny Black gift from Johua Bacon were 100% sure not from the so called “Imprimatur sheet” approved by the Somerset House on 15th April 1840 and also proves that the proofs of the Penny Black or just impressions were not controlled very strictly like what some people mentioned in the threads of one website. The printer might have printed something except 12 sheets which returned to Somerset House, kept them for their own use and given the impressions to anybody they liked or had helped them. Please see below Point No.18, which also proves this point.
18. The Printer sent Penny Black Proof to Henry Cole on 18 April,1840(Fig.4).
Fig.4
Just like what I said above, if all 12 sheets or later printed sheets were returned to Somerset House, where did this Proof of the Penny Postage come from? This proves that the Printer had printed extra stamps for their own use.
The Wallace Documents (Papers)
James L. Grimwood-Taylor RDP FRPSL mentioned the Wallace Papers (Documents) in his book entitles International Postal Reforms as follows:
“ A sizeable number of early Proofs of the Mulready design- mostly on thin India Paper (often foxed) and showing only the address-panel without the value but with the artists names – have survived. These include the example found in the Wallace Papers in Scotland along with a hand-signed ‘Rowland Hill’ calling card, that is endorsed ‘Unfinished Proof of Penny Postage Cover presented to Mr.Wallace by Rowland Hill Esqr.,March 15th 1840’. The ‘Wallace Papers’ came to the market in 1991 having been in private hands since Wallace gave them to his Greenock friends, James Caldwell, in c1850. They were still in Caldwell’s hands in 1893, as per his letter of that year to the Postmaster of Paisley:
I have a number of other things to remind me of him [Robert Wallace] including…the Portfolio he used when sitting as Chairman on the Penny Postage, with specimen Stamps and Envelopes…
Upon Caldwell’s death in 1909 the papers passed to his daughter, Miss Caldwell, who said of them in 1914:
The stamps belonged to Mr.Wallace of Kelly… My father at that time was Clerk to the Commissioners of Supply [in Greennock]… and Mr.Wallace was one of them [the Commissioners]… he [my father] was a great friend of his and often stayed at Kelly [Wallace’s home near Greenock]… and the stamps were always in his possession till I got them from him…”.( Grimwood-Taylor,Vol.2,p655)
“In August 1967, the collection was in the hands of Dr.James Caldwell [Wallace’s friend’s grandson?] when he dies, and he then bequeathed them to his good friends Alex Greer of Paisley, who treasured them for 25 years before consigning them to Cavendish Auctions in 1991.” (Grimwood-Taylor,Vol.2,p656)
“…a further example of the India Paper Proof laid down on a large sheet of paper along with an early unused example of the 1d black was also in the Wallace Papers. This Mulready Design Proof was endorsed by Wallace in pencil: ‘ 1st Proof of Penny Postage Stamp Cover presented to Mr.Wallace by the then Right Honbel. The Chancellor of the Exchequer, Francis Thornhill Baring, April 10th 1840’. There was also a 2d Blue letter-sheet, with ‘Proof’ written across the value, in the ‘Wallace Papers’. Once again it had Robert Wallace’s distinctive annotation in pencil on the flap: ‘Completed Penny Postage Sample Cover presented to Mr.Wallace by the Right Hon. Francis Thornhill Baring, April 15th 1840’.” (Grimwood-Taylor,Vol.2,p657)
According to Cavendish Auction dated 22 Feb.,1092, Cavendish auctioned the Wallace Papers(Grimwood-Taylor,Vol.2,p655).
Discussion on Sotheby’s Auction Lot No.30 of Dec. 7 1840
1. David Feldman SA’s Description about this Item in 2013
This item was Lot No.40078 (Fig.5) and described as the Earliest Dated Penny Black in Existence, which was estimated price of 60,000 Euro by David Feldman SA in 2013 (British Empire with Great Britain & Commonwealth September 24-25, 2013, David Feldman SA).
David Feldman SA stated: “Unique document from the archive of Robert Wallace including die proof of the Mulready, without value tablet, printed in black on India paper, mounted on stout paper along with an unused 1d black from plate 1a, lettered AI, with endorsement in pencil by Robert Wallace MP: “1st Proof of Penny Postage Stamp Cover(?), presented to Mr. Wallace by the Right Honourable Chancellor of the Exchequer, Francis Thornhill Baring, April 10th 1840.” along top, with “Universal Penny Postage Fly or Loose Stamp, presented to me as above (the 10th April). / These came into public use on the 6th May 1840” below the Penny Black. The Penny Black affixed comes from the plate completed on April 8th 1840, which was put into production on April 11th and officially registered on April 15th, quite probably comes from the first sheet printed. April 10th was also an important day for the Mulready, as it was the day that its design was shown to and approved by the Council of Royal Academicians.”
Just like what I said above, if all 12 sheets or later printed sheets were returned to Somerset House, where did this Proof of the Penny Postage come from? This proves that the Printer had printed extra stamps for their own use.
The Wallace Documents (Papers)
James L. Grimwood-Taylor RDP FRPSL mentioned the Wallace Papers (Documents) in his book entitles International Postal Reforms as follows:
“ A sizeable number of early Proofs of the Mulready design- mostly on thin India Paper (often foxed) and showing only the address-panel without the value but with the artists names – have survived. These include the example found in the Wallace Papers in Scotland along with a hand-signed ‘Rowland Hill’ calling card, that is endorsed ‘Unfinished Proof of Penny Postage Cover presented to Mr.Wallace by Rowland Hill Esqr.,March 15th 1840’. The ‘Wallace Papers’ came to the market in 1991 having been in private hands since Wallace gave them to his Greenock friends, James Caldwell, in c1850. They were still in Caldwell’s hands in 1893, as per his letter of that year to the Postmaster of Paisley:
I have a number of other things to remind me of him [Robert Wallace] including…the Portfolio he used when sitting as Chairman on the Penny Postage, with specimen Stamps and Envelopes…
Upon Caldwell’s death in 1909 the papers passed to his daughter, Miss Caldwell, who said of them in 1914:
The stamps belonged to Mr.Wallace of Kelly… My father at that time was Clerk to the Commissioners of Supply [in Greennock]… and Mr.Wallace was one of them [the Commissioners]… he [my father] was a great friend of his and often stayed at Kelly [Wallace’s home near Greenock]… and the stamps were always in his possession till I got them from him…”.( Grimwood-Taylor,Vol.2,p655)
“In August 1967, the collection was in the hands of Dr.James Caldwell [Wallace’s friend’s grandson?] when he dies, and he then bequeathed them to his good friends Alex Greer of Paisley, who treasured them for 25 years before consigning them to Cavendish Auctions in 1991.” (Grimwood-Taylor,Vol.2,p656)
“…a further example of the India Paper Proof laid down on a large sheet of paper along with an early unused example of the 1d black was also in the Wallace Papers. This Mulready Design Proof was endorsed by Wallace in pencil: ‘ 1st Proof of Penny Postage Stamp Cover presented to Mr.Wallace by the then Right Honbel. The Chancellor of the Exchequer, Francis Thornhill Baring, April 10th 1840’. There was also a 2d Blue letter-sheet, with ‘Proof’ written across the value, in the ‘Wallace Papers’. Once again it had Robert Wallace’s distinctive annotation in pencil on the flap: ‘Completed Penny Postage Sample Cover presented to Mr.Wallace by the Right Hon. Francis Thornhill Baring, April 15th 1840’.” (Grimwood-Taylor,Vol.2,p657)
According to Cavendish Auction dated 22 Feb.,1092, Cavendish auctioned the Wallace Papers(Grimwood-Taylor,Vol.2,p655).
Discussion on Sotheby’s Auction Lot No.30 of Dec. 7 1840
1. David Feldman SA’s Description about this Item in 2013
This item was Lot No.40078 (Fig.5) and described as the Earliest Dated Penny Black in Existence, which was estimated price of 60,000 Euro by David Feldman SA in 2013 (British Empire with Great Britain & Commonwealth September 24-25, 2013, David Feldman SA).
David Feldman SA stated: “Unique document from the archive of Robert Wallace including die proof of the Mulready, without value tablet, printed in black on India paper, mounted on stout paper along with an unused 1d black from plate 1a, lettered AI, with endorsement in pencil by Robert Wallace MP: “1st Proof of Penny Postage Stamp Cover(?), presented to Mr. Wallace by the Right Honourable Chancellor of the Exchequer, Francis Thornhill Baring, April 10th 1840.” along top, with “Universal Penny Postage Fly or Loose Stamp, presented to me as above (the 10th April). / These came into public use on the 6th May 1840” below the Penny Black. The Penny Black affixed comes from the plate completed on April 8th 1840, which was put into production on April 11th and officially registered on April 15th, quite probably comes from the first sheet printed. April 10th was also an important day for the Mulready, as it was the day that its design was shown to and approved by the Council of Royal Academicians.”
Fig.5
I am sure anybody who understands English will know that “Universal Penny Postage Fly or Loose Stamp, presented to me as above.” means that this stamp was given to me, Mr.Wallace, by Mr.Baring on 10th April 1840. “As above” means the people and date as above mentioned.“As above” 100% surely means the Stamp was given to Wallace by Mr.Baring on 10 April 1840. If you show these to anybody, they will understand like this. I really do not know why some people misunderstood these two words!
2. Why Did Mr.Wallace Know the Issuing Date on 10 April 1840?
As regards the issuing date (6th May 1840), some people asked how Mr. Wallace could know this on 10th April, 1840. I think it is possible for him to know this, because On 4th April, R.Gordon’s letter already mentioned the issue of Stamps to the public(Alan Druce,Vol.1,p313) and Gordon was requested from the commissioners of the Stamps and Taxes Office about this matter. Therefore, it is possible that Mr. Wallace, as the chairman of the Parliament Select Committee on Postage, should have discussed this matter with people concerned and known this at very early stage. Of course, he might just know it later than 10th April, please see my below point about “Come” or “Came”.
3. Mr.Wallace’s Other Two Collections and His Hand-writing
Based on the below auction information (see below image from internet, Fig.6), one can see that Mr.Baring and Rowland Hill did give other two Mulready proofs to Mr.Wallace in March (Fig.7) and April,1840 (Fig.8). This fact also proved that Mr.Baring could give this Penny Black and proof of Mulready to Wallace. If Wallace can get them in March and April, why not this time (10 April 1840)?
I am sure anybody who understands English will know that “Universal Penny Postage Fly or Loose Stamp, presented to me as above.” means that this stamp was given to me, Mr.Wallace, by Mr.Baring on 10th April 1840. “As above” means the people and date as above mentioned.“As above” 100% surely means the Stamp was given to Wallace by Mr.Baring on 10 April 1840. If you show these to anybody, they will understand like this. I really do not know why some people misunderstood these two words!
2. Why Did Mr.Wallace Know the Issuing Date on 10 April 1840?
As regards the issuing date (6th May 1840), some people asked how Mr. Wallace could know this on 10th April, 1840. I think it is possible for him to know this, because On 4th April, R.Gordon’s letter already mentioned the issue of Stamps to the public(Alan Druce,Vol.1,p313) and Gordon was requested from the commissioners of the Stamps and Taxes Office about this matter. Therefore, it is possible that Mr. Wallace, as the chairman of the Parliament Select Committee on Postage, should have discussed this matter with people concerned and known this at very early stage. Of course, he might just know it later than 10th April, please see my below point about “Come” or “Came”.
3. Mr.Wallace’s Other Two Collections and His Hand-writing
Based on the below auction information (see below image from internet, Fig.6), one can see that Mr.Baring and Rowland Hill did give other two Mulready proofs to Mr.Wallace in March (Fig.7) and April,1840 (Fig.8). This fact also proved that Mr.Baring could give this Penny Black and proof of Mulready to Wallace. If Wallace can get them in March and April, why not this time (10 April 1840)?
Fig.6
Fig.7: The proof was presented to Wallace by Rowland Hill and inscribed by Wallace “Unfinished proof of Penny Postage Cover presented to Mr.Wallace by Rowland Hill Esqr, March 15th 1840.”
The Fig.8 2d letter sheet stereo a91 was a proof given to Wallace by Mr.Baring and inscribed by Wallace “Completed Penny postage Stamp Cover, presented to Mr.Wallace by the Right Hon. Francis Thornhill Baring, April 15th 1840.”
The Fig.8 2d letter sheet stereo a91 was a proof given to Wallace by Mr.Baring and inscribed by Wallace “Completed Penny postage Stamp Cover, presented to Mr.Wallace by the Right Hon. Francis Thornhill Baring, April 15th 1840.”
Fig.8
One can see that the pencil words on the above two proofs given to Mr.Wallace are same Wallace hand-writing as the one for Sotheby’s Lot No.30. Of course, some people still doubted the hand-writing, but I must say that if you cannot show us other expert’s certificate, we’d better accept that this is Wallace hand-writing. I have got a cover written by Mr.Robert Wallace (see Fig.9) from my collection and maybe you can judge it yourself. Moreover, both BPA and RPSL certificates stated the words were written by Mr.Robert Wallace and also certified that the AI Penny Black was genuine.
One can see that the pencil words on the above two proofs given to Mr.Wallace are same Wallace hand-writing as the one for Sotheby’s Lot No.30. Of course, some people still doubted the hand-writing, but I must say that if you cannot show us other expert’s certificate, we’d better accept that this is Wallace hand-writing. I have got a cover written by Mr.Robert Wallace (see Fig.9) from my collection and maybe you can judge it yourself. Moreover, both BPA and RPSL certificates stated the words were written by Mr.Robert Wallace and also certified that the AI Penny Black was genuine.
Fig.9: a franking wrapper sent from Greenock by Mr.Robert Wallace MP to another famous Postal reformer Joseph Hume M.P. and signed by “Robert Wallace” at the front lower left corner. There was a nice red Free Crown datestamp dated 27 Jan.1835 on front. Another c.d.s.“GREENOCK/24/ JA/1835” was on reverse and also a red Seal was on the reverse(the author’s collection).
Based on the above two Mulready proofs, one can also see that Mr.Rowland Hill and Mr.Baring kept in touch with Mr.Wallace for every step of the progress of the production of the Mulready postal stationery and the stamps during that period.
4.“Come” or “Came”
As to word “Come” or “Came” for the last sentence, I think we should trust the certificate issued by BPA, because they clearly mentioned the word “come”. We cannot doubt everything! If you compare the letter “o” in word “Come” to other words with letter “o”,say “proof”, “postage”and “loose”in the same document, you will notice that they are all written like “a” by Wallace. Please see below images and compare them yourself (Fig.10).
Based on the above two Mulready proofs, one can also see that Mr.Rowland Hill and Mr.Baring kept in touch with Mr.Wallace for every step of the progress of the production of the Mulready postal stationery and the stamps during that period.
4.“Come” or “Came”
As to word “Come” or “Came” for the last sentence, I think we should trust the certificate issued by BPA, because they clearly mentioned the word “come”. We cannot doubt everything! If you compare the letter “o” in word “Come” to other words with letter “o”,say “proof”, “postage”and “loose”in the same document, you will notice that they are all written like “a” by Wallace. Please see below images and compare them yourself (Fig.10).
Fig.10
If you think that it is “Came”, I have to say that the letter “o” for “Postage” looks more like “a”(Fig.11). What do you think?
If you think that it is “Came”, I have to say that the letter “o” for “Postage” looks more like “a”(Fig.11). What do you think?
Fig.11
Even if the word was “Came”, I think it is also explainable, maybe the words (These came into public use on the 6th of May 1840) were added later (when Wallace got the exact issuing date). Who knows? but the Stamp was presented to Wallace as above (which means April 10th 1840).
5.Need Approval or Confirmation or not?
Rowland Hill and his brother Edwin Hill looked after every step and procedure of the production of the Penny Black, from Bacon’s book or Alan Druce’s book, one can find this point. Rowland Hill’s assistant,Henry Cole, was also involved in this matter and kept in touch with the Printer. Therefore, how could the Printer finish the whole plate on 8 April 1840 and started printing the stamps straight away without any confirmation from Rowland Hill, Edwin Hill or other authorities. At this very important final step, Rowland Hill did not say anything, see anything or confirm anything, do you think this is reasonable or logical? I think that this is no way. They must have printed something for approval before starting the production on 11 April 1840. Just like some friends said, the stamp is same as banknote. In this case, before its production, do you think it is possible and reasonable that no test or confirmation were needed? The answer is No.
The Printer should print something and then gave them to Rowland Hill or other people concerned asking them to confirm. Otherwise, they should be responsible for something wrong and pay the loss. I am sure that the Printer was not like a fool by doing this. Therefore, the Printer might have printed something on 9th or 10th April 1840. In this case, Rowland Hill would show them to his boss Mr Baring to double check and approve. So Mr.Baring could get the 1d Black samples and gave one to Mr.Wallace on 10th April. Or maybe Somerset House do this job on 10th April themselves and sent people to the Parliament giving some samples to Mr.Baring for his final check or approval.I think this is logical, but of course, we need more evidence and research about this point.
By the way, from the Printer’s address (69 Fleet Street) to Somerset House (the Stamp Office, Edwin Hill’s office and people in charge of stamps),it is about 10 minutes’ walk. From Somerset House to the Parliament, it is about 20 minutes’ walk. From the Printer’s address to Downing Street (Mr.Baring and Rowland Hill’s office),it takes about 28 minutes’ walk.From Downing Street to the Parliament, it is only 5 minutes’ walk. I mentioned the information to stress that the above job could be done in an hour or two.
6.Mr.Baring MP and Mr.Wallace MP Attended the Parliamentary Debate on 9th and 10 April 1840
According to HC Deb 09 April 1840 vol 53 cc844-950 and HC Deb 10 April 1840 vol 53 cc987-94, both Mr.Baring MP and Mr.Wallace MP were in the House of Commons on 9th and 10th April 1840 and attended the Parliamentary Debate. Please visit below links for details:https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1840/apr/10/lord-seatons-annuityhttps://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1840/apr/09/war-with-china-adjourned-debate
So, if Mr.Baring got the Penny Black sample, he had time and chance to give one copy to Mr.Wallace in the Parliament on 10th April 1840.
7.Did the Printer Treat the Impressions as Banknote at Early Stage or not?
If like what some people said, the Printer treated the printed stamps like Banknote and every copy was accounted for. as you know, all the 12 sheets printed on 11th April 1840 were returned to the Stamp Office (Tax Office) and the Printer should not keep anything. In this case, how about the one impression given to Mr.Marriott on 12th April and the one to Mr.Wheelwright on 13th April by Mr.J.Bacon of the Printer? How about the one given to Mr.Henry Cole on 18 April? All these prove that they were not controlled seriously and strictly during that time. Moreover, based on this point, the Printer should have printed something on 9th or 10th April and used them to check whether they are correct or not and also gave a few impressions to some people as a gift.
8.Do you think that the Printer had got all records for what they did then? The answer is NO, because there are so many unanswered questions about the production of the Penny Black. If they had filed everything, we should not discuss things here. However, if something had not got record or file, it does not mean that something does not exist. In another words, if you do not know something or have not got or seen evidence or proof, it does not mean this thing does not exist.
Conclusion
Based on the above information and analysis, one can see that on or before 10th April 1840,the Crown Watermarked papers (wrong-positioned Crown or the correct Crown watermarked paper) were already in stock, the complete printing Plate No.1 was finished,Rowland Hill, his brother Edwin Hill and Henry Cole got involved in the every step of the stamp production including Mr.Baring and Mr.Wallace etc., Mr.Wallace wrote some words including the exact date on his scrap-book for his AI Penny Black and Mulready proof given by Mr.Baring, and the Parliamentary documents recorded both Mr.Wallace and Mr.Baring were in the House of Commons on 9th and 10th April. Therefore, all these convinced me to accept the possibility that Mr.Wallace got this “AI Penny Black” on 10th April 1840 and it should be no problem if we call this “AI Penny Black” the earliest known dated Penny Black in the world so far, but my comment is based on three conditions, i.e. Firstly, Mr.Robert Wallace’s handwriting is genuine and Secondly the “AI Penny Black” is with Crown Watermark and thirdly if you can have got evidence to prove that my above comment is wrong. Of course, the above is only my own opinion according to logic and common sense. I just listed some facts and made my own judgements as a Penny Black Stamp student and learner based on the above information. I do not back or support anybody about this matter and just told the truth and my own understanding. I do hope that you can correct my mistakes by evidence or proof,so that I can make correction accordingly. All academic, useful and constructive suggestions and comments are welcome, but no personal attack and harassment without evidence and proof are accepted!
Thank you very much!
References
Bacon,E.,the line-engraved Postage Stamps of Great Britain Printed by Perkins,Bacon & Co., Vol.I and Vol.II, London:1920Druce,A.,2018, Perkins Bacon Great Britain Line-Engraved Postage Stamp Printing 1840-1846, Vol.I and Vol.2, RPSL, London:2018Grimwood-Taylor,J.L.,International Postal Reforms,Vol 2,RPSL,London:2020Huggins,A.,and Holyoake,A., The Mulready Postal Stationery,GBPS,Sutton Coldfield:2015Johnson,R. and Walton,F., RPSL Archive No.1 Edwin Hill’s Diary 1840, RPSL, London:2016Lowe,R.The British Postage Stamp of the nineteenth century,NPM,London:1968Worms,P.Perkins Bacon records,Vol.II,RPSL,London:1953https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1840/apr/10/lord-seatons-annuityhttps://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1840/apr/09/war-with-china-adjourned-debate
Remarks
This article is the author’s original work. All rights reserved. Except as permitted in law, no part of this paper may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the author.
Even if the word was “Came”, I think it is also explainable, maybe the words (These came into public use on the 6th of May 1840) were added later (when Wallace got the exact issuing date). Who knows? but the Stamp was presented to Wallace as above (which means April 10th 1840).
5.Need Approval or Confirmation or not?
Rowland Hill and his brother Edwin Hill looked after every step and procedure of the production of the Penny Black, from Bacon’s book or Alan Druce’s book, one can find this point. Rowland Hill’s assistant,Henry Cole, was also involved in this matter and kept in touch with the Printer. Therefore, how could the Printer finish the whole plate on 8 April 1840 and started printing the stamps straight away without any confirmation from Rowland Hill, Edwin Hill or other authorities. At this very important final step, Rowland Hill did not say anything, see anything or confirm anything, do you think this is reasonable or logical? I think that this is no way. They must have printed something for approval before starting the production on 11 April 1840. Just like some friends said, the stamp is same as banknote. In this case, before its production, do you think it is possible and reasonable that no test or confirmation were needed? The answer is No.
The Printer should print something and then gave them to Rowland Hill or other people concerned asking them to confirm. Otherwise, they should be responsible for something wrong and pay the loss. I am sure that the Printer was not like a fool by doing this. Therefore, the Printer might have printed something on 9th or 10th April 1840. In this case, Rowland Hill would show them to his boss Mr Baring to double check and approve. So Mr.Baring could get the 1d Black samples and gave one to Mr.Wallace on 10th April. Or maybe Somerset House do this job on 10th April themselves and sent people to the Parliament giving some samples to Mr.Baring for his final check or approval.I think this is logical, but of course, we need more evidence and research about this point.
By the way, from the Printer’s address (69 Fleet Street) to Somerset House (the Stamp Office, Edwin Hill’s office and people in charge of stamps),it is about 10 minutes’ walk. From Somerset House to the Parliament, it is about 20 minutes’ walk. From the Printer’s address to Downing Street (Mr.Baring and Rowland Hill’s office),it takes about 28 minutes’ walk.From Downing Street to the Parliament, it is only 5 minutes’ walk. I mentioned the information to stress that the above job could be done in an hour or two.
6.Mr.Baring MP and Mr.Wallace MP Attended the Parliamentary Debate on 9th and 10 April 1840
According to HC Deb 09 April 1840 vol 53 cc844-950 and HC Deb 10 April 1840 vol 53 cc987-94, both Mr.Baring MP and Mr.Wallace MP were in the House of Commons on 9th and 10th April 1840 and attended the Parliamentary Debate. Please visit below links for details:https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1840/apr/10/lord-seatons-annuityhttps://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1840/apr/09/war-with-china-adjourned-debate
So, if Mr.Baring got the Penny Black sample, he had time and chance to give one copy to Mr.Wallace in the Parliament on 10th April 1840.
7.Did the Printer Treat the Impressions as Banknote at Early Stage or not?
If like what some people said, the Printer treated the printed stamps like Banknote and every copy was accounted for. as you know, all the 12 sheets printed on 11th April 1840 were returned to the Stamp Office (Tax Office) and the Printer should not keep anything. In this case, how about the one impression given to Mr.Marriott on 12th April and the one to Mr.Wheelwright on 13th April by Mr.J.Bacon of the Printer? How about the one given to Mr.Henry Cole on 18 April? All these prove that they were not controlled seriously and strictly during that time. Moreover, based on this point, the Printer should have printed something on 9th or 10th April and used them to check whether they are correct or not and also gave a few impressions to some people as a gift.
8.Do you think that the Printer had got all records for what they did then? The answer is NO, because there are so many unanswered questions about the production of the Penny Black. If they had filed everything, we should not discuss things here. However, if something had not got record or file, it does not mean that something does not exist. In another words, if you do not know something or have not got or seen evidence or proof, it does not mean this thing does not exist.
Conclusion
Based on the above information and analysis, one can see that on or before 10th April 1840,the Crown Watermarked papers (wrong-positioned Crown or the correct Crown watermarked paper) were already in stock, the complete printing Plate No.1 was finished,Rowland Hill, his brother Edwin Hill and Henry Cole got involved in the every step of the stamp production including Mr.Baring and Mr.Wallace etc., Mr.Wallace wrote some words including the exact date on his scrap-book for his AI Penny Black and Mulready proof given by Mr.Baring, and the Parliamentary documents recorded both Mr.Wallace and Mr.Baring were in the House of Commons on 9th and 10th April. Therefore, all these convinced me to accept the possibility that Mr.Wallace got this “AI Penny Black” on 10th April 1840 and it should be no problem if we call this “AI Penny Black” the earliest known dated Penny Black in the world so far, but my comment is based on three conditions, i.e. Firstly, Mr.Robert Wallace’s handwriting is genuine and Secondly the “AI Penny Black” is with Crown Watermark and thirdly if you can have got evidence to prove that my above comment is wrong. Of course, the above is only my own opinion according to logic and common sense. I just listed some facts and made my own judgements as a Penny Black Stamp student and learner based on the above information. I do not back or support anybody about this matter and just told the truth and my own understanding. I do hope that you can correct my mistakes by evidence or proof,so that I can make correction accordingly. All academic, useful and constructive suggestions and comments are welcome, but no personal attack and harassment without evidence and proof are accepted!
Thank you very much!
References
Bacon,E.,the line-engraved Postage Stamps of Great Britain Printed by Perkins,Bacon & Co., Vol.I and Vol.II, London:1920Druce,A.,2018, Perkins Bacon Great Britain Line-Engraved Postage Stamp Printing 1840-1846, Vol.I and Vol.2, RPSL, London:2018Grimwood-Taylor,J.L.,International Postal Reforms,Vol 2,RPSL,London:2020Huggins,A.,and Holyoake,A., The Mulready Postal Stationery,GBPS,Sutton Coldfield:2015Johnson,R. and Walton,F., RPSL Archive No.1 Edwin Hill’s Diary 1840, RPSL, London:2016Lowe,R.The British Postage Stamp of the nineteenth century,NPM,London:1968Worms,P.Perkins Bacon records,Vol.II,RPSL,London:1953https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1840/apr/10/lord-seatons-annuityhttps://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1840/apr/09/war-with-china-adjourned-debate
Remarks
This article is the author’s original work. All rights reserved. Except as permitted in law, no part of this paper may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the author.